Basic information, Детальна інформація

Basic information
Тип документу: Реферат
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Предмет: Іншомовні роботи
Автор: Олексій
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Manchuria was especially pronounced after 1923, and incoming farmers rapidly brought a vast area of virgin prairie under cultivation. About two- thirds of the immigrants entered Manchuria by sea, and one-third came overland. Because of the severity of the winter weather, migration in the early stage was highly seasonal, usually starting in February and continuing through the spring. After the autumn harvest a large proportion of the farmers returned south. As Manchuria developed into the principal industrial region of China, however, large urban centres arose, and the nature of the migration changed. No longer was the movement primarily one of agricultural resettlement; instead it became essentially a rural-to- urban movement of interregional magnitude. After 1949 the new government's efforts to foster planned migration into interior and border regions produced noticeable results. Although the total number of people involved in such migrations is not known, it has been estimated that by 1980 about

25 to 35 percent of the population of such regions and provinces as Inner

Mongolia, Sinkiang, Heilungkiang. and Tsinghai consisted of recent migrants, and migration had raised the percentage of Han in Sinkiang from about 10 to 40 percent of the total. Efforts to control the growth of large cities led to the resettlement of 20,000,000 urbanites in the countryside after the failure of the Great Leap Forward and of 17,-000,000 urban- educated youths in the decade after 1968. Within the next decade, however, the majority of these "rusticated youths" were allowed to return to the cities, and new migration from rural areas pushed urban population totals upward once again.

China Sticks to Population Control Policy in New Century

China will continue its efforts to control the growth of the population in the 21 century, said Zhang Weiqing, minister of the State Family

Planning Commission on November 2, 2000.

At the annual board meeting of the Partners in Population and

Development by South-South Cooperation, which opened Thursday in Beijing,

Zhang said that keeping a low birth rate is the key task of China' s family planning program in the coming decade.

He said that China has made it a goal to keep the population below 1.4 billion until 2010 on the basis of scientific feasibility study.

In order to realise the goal, China is persisting in popularisation and education about family planning and contraception, and it will make efforts to build a perfect population control system suitable for China's situation, said Zhang.

According to Zhang, population will continue to be a pressing issue for

China in the 21st century. The annual net population growth will be more than 10 million at the start of the new century. The population will not decline until it reaches a peak of 1.6 billion in the middle of the 21st century, Zhang said.

At present, China has a large work-age population, which puts a heavy burden on employment. The work-age population will peak at 900 million in the coming decades.

In addition, Zhang predicts that the number of senior citizens over the age of 60 in China will reach 130 million at the end of this year, and will exceed 357 million in 2030, and 439 million in 2050, or a quarter of the total population.

Zhang said that China will stick to family planning policy for a long time depending on future population situation.

President on Population Control, Resources and Environmental Protection

Population control, resources and environmental protection will be three crucial issues in China's march toward becoming a great power in the new century, President Jiang Zemin told a seminar held by the Communist

Party of China Central Committee Sunday.

Jiang said that governmental decisions concerning the country's population control, resources and environmental protection demand concerted efforts and cooperation from all walks of life.

Jiang warned that although marked progress had been made during the

1996-2000 period, China is still facing many problems and challenges concerning population, resources and environmental protection in the coming years.

"These issues are directly related to the country's overall development. Failure in handling them may postpone the achievement of

China's set goals in terms of social and economic development," said Jiang.

Jiang said that the next few years will be a crucial stage for China to stabilise its birth rate at the current low level and improve population quality.

When dealing with population issues, governments at all levels should better serve the people's needs, and turn the country's birth control efforts into a cause benefiting China's huge populace, Jiang remarked.

Jiang also said that resource-related works should better serve the country's sustainable development. Protection and rational utilisation of resources are to be granted equal importance by administration departments.

Meanwhile, the president called for the establishment of a strict resources administration mechanism, and urged the transformation of the traditional resource-utilising norms, to save natural resources from being wasted.

Jiang suggested the use of new technologies and a complete monitoring system to curb the count\x7972\x7327\x6C20\x6E6F\x2D67\x7473\x6E61\x6964\x676E\x6520\x766E\x7269\x6E6F\x656D\x746E\x6C61\x7020\x6C6F\x756C\x6974\x6E6F\x202C\x6877\x6C69\x2065\x7567\x7261\x6E61\x6574\x6965\x676E\x6820\x6165\x746C\x7968\x6520\x6F63\x6F6E\x696D\x2063\x6564\x6576\x6F6C\x6D70\x6E65\x2E74\x410D\x736C\x206F\x6E69\x6820\x7369\x7320\x6570\x6365\x2C68\x4A20\x6169\x676E\x7320\x7274\x7365\x6573\x2064\x6874\x2065\x6D69\x6F70\x7472\x6E61\x6563\x6F20\x2066\x6D69\x7270\x766F\x6E69\x2067\x6874\x2065\x6572\x7567\x616C\x6974\x6E6F\x6F20\x2066\x6843\x6E69\x2761\x2073\x6373\x7261\x6563\x7720\x7461\x7265\x7220\x7365\x756F\x6372\x7365\x6120\x646E\x7420\x6568\x6620\x7275\x6874\x7265\x6320\x6E6F\x7473\x7572\x7463\x6F69\x206E\x666F\x6920\x7272\x6769\x7461\x6F69\x206E\x6F77\x6B72\x2E73



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