Олександр II, Детальна інформація

Ieaenaiae\x00F0 II (855-1881), iieiaeee, e\x00B3aa\x00F0aeueieo iiaeyae\x00B3a aeoiaaiaoeue iiaoa A. AEoeianueeiai, aa/ea on\x00B3 aaaee \x00F0aaeeio Ieeiee \x00B2. \x00D0ieo 1856 E\x00F0einueea a\x00B3eia cae\x00B3i/eeany ie\x00F0iaei eiia\x00F0anii o Ia\x00F0eae\x00B3, \x00B3 a \x00D0in\x00B3enuee\x00B3e \x00B3iia\x00F0\x00B3? ii/aeeny ea\x00F0aeeiaeuei\x00B3 \x00F0aoi\x00F0ie. Ia\x00F0oith a\x00B3ae/oea iiao aeiao Oe\x00F0a?ia. Oaea 1855 \x00F0ieo

Ieaenaiae\x00F0 \x00B2\x00B2 aeaa aii\x00B3no\x00B3th /eaiai Ee\x00F0eei-Iaoiae\x00B3?anueeiai A\x00F0aonoaa, ye\x00B3 ia\x00F0aaoaaee ia caneaii\x00B3. Aeaeaoi\x00B3 /eaie eiai — I. Eoe\x00B3o, I. Einoiia\x00F0ia, A. A\x00B3eica\x00F0nueeee, a o\x00F0ioe i\x00B3ci\x00B3oa O. Oaa/aiei — c\x00B3a\x00F0aeeny a Iaoa\x00F0ao\x00F0c\x00B3

1856 \x00F0ieo oea\x00F0 Ieaenaiaea\x00F0 II io\x00B3oe\x00B3eii cayaea i\x00F0aaenoaaieeai aeai\x00F0yinoaa, ui e\x00F0\x00B3iaoeoai ia\x00BA aooe neaniaaii, \x00B3 ui e\x00B3ioa c\x00F0iaeoe oea “caa\x00F0oo, i\x00B3ae aei/aeaoeny, eiee aiii ii/ia neaniaoaaoeny cieco”.

C oiai /ano \x00F0icii/aeany i\x00B3aeaioiaa aei neanoaaiiy e\x00F0\x00B3iaoeoaa. Ii aoaa\x00F0i\x00B3yo noai\x00F0aii eii\x00B3oaoe, ye\x00B3 \x00F0ic\x00F0iaeyee ieyie ca\x00B3eueiaiiy naeyi, a\x00F0aoiaoth/e i\x00B3noeaa\x00B3 oiiae, \x00B3 ia\x00F0aaeaaaee nai? i\x00F0iaeoe ia \x00F0icaeyae aieiaiiai eii\x00B3oaoo a Iaoa\x00F0ao\x00F0c\x00B3. *eaiaie aieiaiiai eii\x00B3oaoo aoee i\x00F0aaenoaaieee a\x00B3ae aoaa\x00F0i\x00B3yeueieo eii\x00B3oao\x00B3a. Aoei oai aeaa oe\x00F0a?inueeeo ae\x00B3aee/\x00B3, Aaneeue Oa\x00F0iianueeee oa A\x00F0eai\x00F0\x00B3e Aaea\x00B4ai, iaeaeaa c \x00F0iaeei, ae\x00F0oaei\x00B3o \x00B3c Oaa/aieii, iaeaeaa oaa\x00F0aei ai\x00F0iieee \x00B3ioa\x00F0ane naeyi. I\x00F0ioa, iano\x00F0i? /eai\x00B3a eii\x00B3oao\x00B3a aoee \x00F0ica\x00B3aei\x00B3: iaei\x00B3 aaaeaee aeaoe yeiiiaa iaioa caie\x00B3 naeyiai aai cian\x00B3i ia aeaaaoe, \x00B3io\x00B3 noiyee ca ni\x00F0aaaaeeeaa \x00F0\x00B3oaiiy ni\x00F0aae e aeinoaoi\x00B3 caaacia/aiiy naeyiai caieath. *ooee i\x00F0i oe\x00B3 noia\x00F0a/ee aeioiaeeee aei naeyi, oaeethaaee ?o. O aaaaoueio i\x00B3noeyo, iniaeeai a Eaoa\x00F0eiineaanuee\x00B3e oa *a\x00F0i\x00B3a\x00B3anuee\x00B3e aoaa\x00F0i\x00B3yo, naeyie naiia\x00B3eueii i\x00F0eieieee i\x00F0aoeth ia ae\x00B3aee/\x00B3a. Aoaei aaaaoi iianoaiue, ia\x00F0aaaaeii ia I\x00F0aaiaa\x00F0aaei\x00B3e Oe\x00F0a?i\x00B3, aea iii\x00B3ueoeueea ainiiaea\x00F0noai ia\x00F0aoiaeeei ia eai\x00B3oae\x00B3noe/i\x00B3 iniiae, \x00B3 e\x00B3aee/\x00B3 oio\x00B3ee ca\x00B3eueieoe naeyi cian\x00B3i aac caie\x00B3, uia caaacia/eoe naaa \x00F0ia\x00B3oieeaie. Ia E\x00B3aiaa\x00F0aaeae\x00B3, cie\x00F0aia ia Iieoaauei\x00B3, oio\x00B3ee aeaoe naeyiai o\x00B3eueee naaeeai\x00B3 caie\x00B3, a a I\x00B3aaeaii\x00B3e Oe\x00F0a?i\x00B3, aea \x00F0ia\x00B3oieo \x00F0oe aoei iaei, ae\x00B3aee/\x00B3 ae\x00F0\x00B3oeee cao\x00F0eiaoe iaiueio ua ia 10-12 \x00F0ie\x00B3a, a naeyi ca\x00B3eueieoe aac caie\x00B3. Oe\x00B3 i\x00F0iaeoe na\x00B3ae/aoue, ye oyaeea aoei i\x00F0aoethaaoe eii\x00B3oaoai.

19 ethoiai 1861 \x00F0ieo i\x00F0iaieioaii iai\x00B3oano i\x00F0i neanoaaiiy e\x00F0\x00B3iaoeoaa, aea ca\x00B3eueiaiiy naeyi iaei ianooieoe o\x00B3eueee /a\x00F0ac aeaa \x00F0iee. O iai\x00B3oano\x00B3 naeyi iacaaii “oei/aniai ciaia'ycaieie”, a naiee noai — ia\x00F0aoiaeiaei. Naeyie ae\x00B3noaaaee ia\x00F0niiaeueio naiaiaeo, iacaeaaei\x00B3noue a\x00B3ae ae\x00B3aee/a oa aea\x00B3\x00F0 \x00B3c naaeeaiith caieath, aea i\x00F0io caieth iaee iaea\x00F0aeaoe o\x00B3eueee /a\x00F0ac 20 \x00F0ie\x00B3a, i\x00B3ney aeeoio ?? o ae\x00B3aee/a. Oeae \x00F0a/aiaoeue cae\x00B3i/oaaany 1881 \x00F0ieo. “Iieiaeaiiy i\x00F0i ca\x00B3eueiaiiy naeyi a\x00B3ae e\x00F0\x00B3iaoeoaa” aoei oeeaaeaia aeoaea iaynii. Ianaiia\x00F0aae — ia anoaiiaeaii iaeiaeiaiai iaae\x00B3eo ia aeooo: \x00F0ici\x00B3\x00F0 oeae aaaaany o ca'yceo c \x00F0\x00B3cieie i\x00F0e/eiaie a \x00F0\x00B3cieo aoaa\x00F0i\x00B3yo \x00B3 caeaaeii a\x00B3ae yeinoe caie\x00B3; e\x00F0\x00B3i oiai a caeaaeiino\x00B3 \x00B3 a\x00B3ae \x00F0ici\x00B3\x00F0\x00B3a iii\x00B3ueoeueeiai ia\x00BAoeo. A\x00F0aoo\x00B3, yeui iiiaae iaae\x00B3eueiith ii\x00F0iith caeeoaeany caiey, yeith aei \x00F0aoi\x00F0ie ei\x00F0enooaaeeny naeyie, oi aiia ia\x00F0aoiaeeea aei ae\x00B3aee/a.

Noaiiaeua naeyi a Oe\x00F0a?i\x00B3 a oe\x00B3eiio aoei a\x00B3\x00F0oei, i\x00B3ae o \x00D0in\x00B3?, ai a Oe\x00F0a?i\x00B3 iaae\x00B3ee ?o aei \x00F0aoi\x00F0ie aoee a\x00B3eueo\x00B3, i\x00B3ae o\x00B3, ye\x00B3 aaiaeeea \x00F0aoi\x00F0ia. Caaaeii o Iieoaanuee\x00B3e \x00B3 Eaoa\x00F0eiineaanuee\x00B3e aoaa\x00F0i\x00B3yo naeyie ao\x00F0a/aee ii \x00F0aoi\x00F0i\x00B3 40% naiai iiia\x00F0aaeiueiai iaae\x00B3eo, a a Oa\x00F0e\x00B3anuee\x00B3e — 31%. O an\x00B3o aoaa\x00F0i\x00B3yo Oe\x00F0a?ie iaae\x00B3ee i\x00B3ney \x00F0aoi\x00F0ie \x00F0\x00B3cei ciaioeeeny. O i\x00F0aaiaa\x00F0aaeieo aoaa\x00F0i\x00B3yo iaae\x00B3e aoa ieae/ee, i\x00B3ae anoaiiaethaaee “A\x00B3a\x00B3eianuee\x00B3 \x00B3iaaioa\x00F0\x00B3” 1848 \x00F0ieo. Oiane\x00B3aeeo \x00F0aoi\x00F0ie iaae\x00B3ee ia \x00F0aa\x00B3c\x00B3eio aeooo, naaoi ia naeyieia, ui aoa caienaiee ii \x00F0aa\x00B3c\x00B3? \x00B3 ieaoea iiaeaoie aea\x00F0aeaa\x00B3, ciaioeeiny.

Iane\x00B3aeeii \x00F0aoi\x00F0ie aoei eaoano\x00F0io\x00B3/ia ca\x00B3eueoaiiy /enea iaeicaiaeueieo naeyinueeeo ainiiaea\x00F0noa; ui iaee aei 3-o aeanyoei. Ia E\x00B3aiaa\x00F0aaei\x00B3e Oe\x00F0a?i\x00B3 oaeeo ainiiaea\x00F0noa aoei 43,3%, ia I\x00B3aaeaii\x00B3e Oe\x00F0a?i\x00B3— 27,6%.

Iaaeyae iaae n\x00B3euenueeeie oa aieinieie oi\x00F0aaaie aoa ia\x00F0aaeaiee “ie\x00F0iaei iina\x00F0aaeieeai”, yeeo aoaa\x00F0iaoi\x00F0 i\x00F0ecia/aa \x00B3c i\x00B3noeaaeo ae\x00B3aee/\x00B3a. Oea aoea iinaaea oei/aniaa — aei aaaaeaiiy “onoaaieo a\x00F0aiio”, ui anoaiiaethaaee a\x00B3aeiineie i\x00B3ae ae\x00B3aee/aie \x00B3 naeyiaie.

Naeyinueea \x00F0aoi\x00F0ia aoea ia\x00F0oith a \x00F0yae\x00B3 \x00B3ioeo \x00F0aoi\x00F0i. \x00D0ieo 1862-ai c\x00F0aoi\x00F0iiaaii o\x00B3iainiaa ainiiaea\x00F0noai aea\x00F0aeaae e cina\x00F0aaeaeaii ana oi\x00F0aae\x00B3iiy o\x00B3iainaie a \x00F0oeao i\x00B3i\x00B3no\x00F0a o\x00B3iain\x00B3a.

Oiai ae 1862 \x00F0ieo \x00F0icii/aoi a\x00B3enueeiao \x00F0aoi\x00F0io: i\x00F0iaaaeaii ia\x00F0aica\x00F0i\x00BAiiy a\x00F0i\x00B3?, aaeineiiaeaii iinoa/aiiy, oi\x00F0aae\x00B3iiy — aaaee, ui ?o aeyaeea c oaeith neeith eaoano\x00F0ioa E\x00F0einueei? eaiiai\x00B3?. A\x00B3enueeiao \x00F0aoi\x00F0io caaa\x00F0oaii 1874 \x00F0ieo cai\x00F0iaaaeaeaiiyi caaaeueii? a\x00B3enueeiai? iiaeiiinoe aeey an\x00B3o /ieia\x00B3e\x00B3a o a\x00B3oe\x00B3 21 \x00F0ieo. \x00D0a/aiaoeue a\x00B3enueeiai? neoaeae ciaioaii c 25 \x00F0ie\x00B3a aei 6-oe.

A 1864 \x00F0. i\x00F0iaaaeaii noaeiao \x00F0aoi\x00F0io. Noae anoaiiaeaiee aoa 3-io nooiai\x00B3a: ie\x00F0ia\x00B3, noaee, ui ?o iae\x00F0aei ianaeaiiy, oa aea\x00F0aeaai\x00B3 .(ie\x00F0oaeiee noae \x00B3 noaeiaa iaeaoa). Aea\x00F0aeaaiee noae iiae\x00B3eyany ia oeea\x00B3eueiee \x00B3 e\x00F0ei\x00B3iaeueiee, a yeiio ieoaiiy aeie i\x00B3aenoaeiiai ae\x00F0\x00B3ooaaee i\x00F0enyaei\x00B3 noaeae\x00B3, ia\x00F0ai\x00B3 ianaeaiiyi. Noaeia\x00B3 can\x00B3aeaiiy aoee a\x00B3aee\x00F0eo\x00B3, \x00B3 a ieo a\x00F0aee o/anoue noi\x00F0iie, i\x00F0ieo\x00F0i\x00F0 oa iai\x00F0iioe\x00B3.

1864-ai \x00F0ieo ai\x00F0iaaaeaeaii cainueea naiioi\x00F0aae\x00B3iiy. Iaeei \x00B3c iaee\x00F0aueo ciaaoe\x00B3a cainoaa a Oe\x00F0a?i\x00B3, I. Ii\x00F0aoi, ienaa oae: “Cainueea - naiio\x00F0yaeoaaiiy aoei iaeiei \x00B3c iaeaeaeaoi\x00B3oeo yaeu o noni\x00B3eueiiio, aeiiii\x00B3/iiio e eoeueoo\x00F0iiio aeeoo\x00B3 Oe\x00F0a?ie e\x00B3ioey XIX no.” Cainueea naiioi\x00F0aae\x00B3iiy ioiiethaaei ana aeiiii\x00B3/ia oa eoeueoo\x00F0ia aeeooy aoaa\x00F0i\x00B3e. O iueiio a\x00F0aei o/anoue ana ianaeaiiy, ui iaei caiaeueio aeani\x00B3noue: aeai\x00F0yinoai, aeooiaainoai, i\x00B3uainoai oa naeyie. Oey aeiiaa iaiaaeoaaea o/anoue o naiioi\x00F0aae\x00B3ii\x00B3 iino\x00B3eieo iaoeaioe\x00B3a iia\x00B3oo. \x00D0ac ia \x00F0\x00B3e ia caaaeueieo c\x00B3a\x00F0aiiyo aeaiooao\x00B3a iae\x00F0aeinue cainueeo iia\x00B3oiao oi\x00F0aao, yea ae\x00B3yea iino\x00B3eii. Iia\x00B3oia\x00B3 cainuee\x00B3 oi\x00F0aae iae\x00F0aee aoaa\x00F0i\x00B3yeueio oi\x00F0aao. Ooieoe\x00B3? cainoa aoee aeoaea oe\x00F0ie\x00B3, a ?o eiooe neeaaeaeeny c “naiiiaeeaaeaiiy” ianaeaiiy c eiaeii? aeanyoeie. Cainoaa aeaaee i\x00F0i nai\x00B3oa\x00F0\x00B3th oa a\x00B3a\x00B3\x00BAio, oo\x00F0eioaaee oieoae\x00B3, , e\x00B3ea\x00F0\x00B3a, oaeueaeoa\x00F0\x00B3a, -aeooa\x00F0ie. Iaaee/ia aeiiiiiaa aoea aacieaoiith : aeey an\x00B3\x00BA? ethaeiinoa, iacaeaaeii a\x00B3ae oiai, /e iaoe\x00B3\x00BAio ieaoea cainuee\x00B3 iiaeaoee, /e i\x00B3. I\x00F0ioyaii iaeaea 50-e\x00B3oiueiai \x00B3nioaaiiy cainoaa c\x00F0aceiai iinoaaeee ni\x00F0aao iaaee/ii? ianeoae a oe\x00F0a?inueeeo aoaa\x00F0i\x00B3yo.

Ae\x00F0oaith aaeeeith aaeoccth ae\x00B3yeueiinoe cainoa aoea ina\x00B3oa. Cainoaa i\x00F0aai\x00B3coaaee oeiee: /ioe\x00F0i\x00F0\x00B3/i\x00B3, ii/aoeia\x00B3, a\x00B3iiac\x00B3?, i\x00F0ioan\x00B3ei\x00B3, oaoi\x00B3/i\x00B3, eo\x00F0ne aeey i\x00B3aeaeuaiiy ina\x00B3oe a/eoae\x00B3a, eo\x00F0ne oe\x00F0a?iiciaanoaa. Cainuee\x00B3 oeiee ei\x00F0enoaeeny aeia\x00F0ith neaaith. Cainoaa iinoaaeee nai?i caaaeaiiyi — iiai\x00B3noth ioiieee ina\x00B3oith iieiaeue, \x00B3 a aaaaoueio iia\x00B3oao oea aoei aeinyaiaia iaia\x00F0aaeiaei\x00B3 \x00F0aaiethoe\x00B3?. O\x00F0aaa aeiaeaoe, ui a ni\x00F0aa\x00B3 oe\x00B3eueii? ina\x00B3oe c o\x00B3iainiaith aeiiiiiaith cainoao i\x00F0eoiaeeei i\x00B3i\x00B3noa\x00F0noai ina\x00B3oe, yea aeanoeai ia\x00F0aaeaei cainoao ana oe\x00B3eueieoeoai ia nae\x00B3.

Aea aoea ua aeoaea aaaeeeaa \x00F0ena. I\x00F0ioyaii 50-oe \x00F0ie\x00B3a ae\x00B3yeueiinoe cainoa o \x00F0\x00B3cieo ?o onoaiiaao aeaooiaoaaeenue ethaee, ye\x00B3 c i\x00F0e/eie iie\x00B3oe/ii? ia-aeaaiiaae\x00B3eiinoe” ia iiaee ciaeoe i\x00F0aoe\x00B3 a aea\x00F0aeaaieo onoaiiaao: e\x00B3ea\x00F0\x00B3, a/eoae\x00B3; noaoenoeee, aaoa\x00F0eia\x00F0e \x00B3 o. i. Cainoaa aoee o\x00B3nii iia'ycai\x00B3 c oe\x00F0a?inueeeie a\x00F0iiaaeaie. Aeaeaoieie cainueeeie ae\x00B3y/aie aoee: i\x00F0io. \x00B2. Eo/eoeueeee, \x00F0iaeeia Aei\x00F0ioaie\x00B3a, A. Oa\x00F0iianueeee, I. \x00D0onia (cainueeee noaoenoee), \x00B2. I\x00B3\x00F0aa, A. A\x00F0\x00B3i/aiei, A. Nai\x00B3eeaiei, I. Eioethaeinueeee, I. Eaoeaae/ oa nioi\x00B3 \x00B3ioeo. Cainueeo \x00F0iaioo aieiaiei /eiii aaee-na\x00F0aaei\x00B3 caieaaeanieee-aeai\x00F0yie, na\x00F0aae yeeo iai\x00F0ee\x00B3ioe\x00B3 XIX no. aoei aaaaoi \x00F0aaiethoe\x00B3eia iano\x00F0i\x00BAieo na\x00B3aeiieo oe\x00F0a?ioe\x00B3a. E\x00F0auee \x00B3noi\x00F0ee cainoa, A. Aanaeianueeee, i\x00B3aee\x00F0aneea, ui “ooo ia aoei i\x00B3noey aeey ce\x00B3nii? ai\x00F0ioueae eeyn”.

Ia iiaeia aeioneaoe c iea, ui iaea\x00B3eueo\x00B3 iiaeaoee ia cainoai ieaoeee aaeee\x00B3 caieaaeanieee, ai iiaeaoee, ye caaaeaii aeua, eoee c aeanyoeie, aea ei\x00F0enoue a\x00B3ae cainueeeo onoaiia iaee ia\x00F0aaeon\x00B3i naeyie oa ae\x00F0\x00B3ai\x00B3 caieaaeanieee.

Aoea ua aaaeeeaa caneoaa cainoa: aiie ni\x00F0eyee i\x00B3aeianaiith iaoe\x00B3iiaeueii? na\x00B3aeiiinoe, a c ae\x00F0oaiai aieo — noaee o\x00B3\x00BAth oeieith, yea i\x00F0ea/aea ethaei\x00B3noue aei naiioi\x00F0aae\x00B3iiy. C ii/aoeii \x00F0aaiethoe\x00B3? oea ae\x00F0acii aeyaeeiny, ai naia \x00B3 cainueeeo onoaiia aeeoei aaaaoi a\x00F0iiaaenueeeo \x00B3 iie\x00B3oe/ieo ae\x00B3y/\x00B3a.

A 1864-io \x00F0ioe\x00B3 cainoaa aoee caniiaai\x00B3 o\x00B3eueee ia E\x00B3aiaa\x00F0aaei\x00B3e oa I\x00B3aaeaii\x00B3e Oe\x00F0a?i\x00B3. Ia I\x00F0aaiaa\x00F0aaeae\x00B3, yea o\x00B3eueeeui ia\x00F0aaeeei iieuenueea iianoaiiy, cainoaa iioe\x00F0eeenue uieii a 1911 \x00F0ioe\x00B3, ai o\x00F0yae aiyany aeaoe iiaeeea\x00B3noue iieuenueeiio oeyoaonoao aieeaaoe ia naiioi\x00F0aae\x00B3iiy oeueiai e\x00F0ath. A\x00F0ae cainueeeo onoaiia i\x00F0ioyaii 37-ie \x00F0ie\x00B3a iaaaoeaii a\x00B3aeaeany ia ina\x00B3o\x00B3, aeiiii\x00B3oe\x00B3, a aieiaii ia iaoe\x00B3iiaeuei\x00B3e na\x00B3aeiiino\x00B3 ianaeaiiy i\x00F0aaiaa\x00F0aaeieo aoaa\x00F0i\x00B3e.

Inoaiiueith \x00F0aoi\x00F0iith aoea i\x00B3nueea — o 1870 \x00F0ioe\x00B3. O i\x00B3noao anoaiiaethaaeiny i\x00B3nuee\x00B3 \x00F0aaee — "aeoie”, /eai\x00B3a yeeo iae\x00F0aei ana ianaeaiiy, ui ieaoeei iiaeaoee, naaoi aeanieee aoaeeie\x00B3a, e\x00F0aiieoeue, i\x00B3aei\x00F0e\x00BAinoa \x00B3 o. i. Aeeiiaa/ei i\x00F0aaiii \x00F0aaee aoea oi\x00F0aaa c i\x00B3nueeei aieiaith ia /ie\x00B3.

Eiiiaoaioe\x00B3y i\x00B3nueei? \x00F0aaee aoea aeoaea oe\x00F0iea: aiia iiaeiia aoea noaaeeoe ca ainiiaea\x00F0noaii i\x00B3noa, noaiii \x00F0eie\x00B3a, i\x00B3nueei? oi\x00F0a\x00B3ae\x00B3, i\x00F0iieneia\x00B3noth, ioi\x00F0iiith caei\x00F0ia'y, nai\x00B3oa\x00F0\x00B3\x00BAth, oeieaie.

Nienie aeei\x00F0enoaii? e\x00B3oa\x00F0aoo\x00F0e

Aoaec\x00B3iianueeee A. Aa\x00F0a\x00F0i\x00B3 a\x00B3aeiineie Aaee/eie // Cai. Iaoe. o-aa \x00B3i. Oaa/aiea. 1894. Ei. 4.

Ae\x00B3oe/aiei A. A\x00B3ae\x00F0iaeaeaiiy iaoe\x00B3?. Ee?a; A\x00B3aeaiue, 1920. Aeoaiiae/ 1. \x00B2noi\x00F0\x00B3y Oe\x00F0a?inueeiai eiiia\x00F0aoeaiiai \x00F0ooo. Iueth-Ei\x00F0e, 1964.

Aieiua/ei A. Ia\x00F0ene c \x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3? noni\x00B3eueii-iie\x00B3oe/iiai \x00F0ooo ia Oe\x00F0a?i\x00B3 a 70-o — ia ii/aoeo 80-o \x00F0ie\x00B3a XIX no. E., 1974.

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