Озон та життя, Детальна інформація

Iiaeaeuaia ieenethaaeueia caeaoi\x00B3noue iciio ana oe\x00F0oa aeei\x00F0enoiao\x00BAoueny aeey iaacca\x00F0aaeaiiy aiae oeiaeeeaeo iie\x00F0ii\x00F0aaiiciia iiaio\x00F0y oa ieoii? aiaee. Ia ia\x00B3eoeinue i aac eo\x00F0eicia. eieueea \x00F0ieia oiio a iaoeo aacaoao o\x00F0eaaeee /an ienaeiny i\x00F0i ni\x00F0iae aeei\x00F0enoaiiy iciio i\x00F0e caa\x00F0iaaiii ea\x00F0oiie\x00B3 oa \x00B3ioeo iai/\x00B3a. E\x00F0eoeea c aieo a/aieo, yei aeacoaaee, ui oaeee aeoeaiee ieenethaa/, ye icii, eeoa i\x00F0enei\x00F0th\x00BA i\x00F0ioeane \x00F0iceeaaeo \x00F0a/iaei, ui aoiaeyoue aei neeaaeo ea\x00F0oiiei i\x00B3/iai ia aeaee. Aoei ao\x00F0a/aii /eiaei a\x00F0ioae, aeiee c\x00F0icoi\x00B3ee, ui \x00F0ica'ycaoe i\x00F0iaeaio caa\x00F0iaaiiy iai/\x00B3a i\x00F0e caiiii iia\x00B3o\x00F0y o noiaeuao ia icii ia iiaeia.

Iae/anoioa icii iaea\x00F0aeothoue o aaeeeeo eieueeinoyo i\x00F0e i\x00F0iioneaii\x00B3 aeaeo\x00F0e/iiai no\x00F0oio /a\x00F0ac nooee eenaiue. Aeaeo\x00F0e/iee \x00F0ic\x00F0yae \x00F0icuaieth\x00BA iieaeoee eenith ia aeai /anoeie — aoiie einith:

I2 = I+I

Caoueiao aoiie \x00F0ooathoueny oaeaeei i /anoi noeeathoueny c aeaioaoiiieie iieaeoeaie eenith, ui i\x00F0e ni\x00F0eyoeeaeo oiiaao aaaea aei ooai\x00F0aiiy eiiieaena i3 o\x00F0ueio aoiiia eenith iieaeoe iciio

I+ I2 = I3

IIOE*I\x00B2 AEANOEAINO\x00B2 ICIIO

Aia\x00F0a\x00B3th iieaeoee iiaeii i\x00F0aaenoaaeoe ye noio o\x00F0ueio /anoei — aeaeo\x00F0iiii?, eieeaaeueii? oa iaa\x00F0oaeueii? aia\x00F0a\x00B3e. Aia\x00F0aaoe/i\x00B3 noaie, ci\x00B3iththoueny aeene\x00F0aoiei /eiii. Iaai\x00F0e aia\x00F0aaoe/ieo noai\x00B3a \x00B3iaeea\x00B3aeoaeuei\x00B3 aeey eiaeii? iieaeoee. Ia\x00F0aoiaee iieaeoee c iaeiiai aia\x00F0aaoe/iiai noaio a \x00B3ioee noi\x00F0iaiaeaeothoueny iiaeeiaiiyi aai aei\x00F0ii\x00B3ithaaiiyi eaaioa aeaeo\x00F0iiaai\x00B3oii? aia\x00F0a\x00B3?. Niaeo\x00F0e, ui aeieeathoue i\x00F0e oaeeo ia\x00F0aoiaeao, caeaaeaoue a\x00B3ae iieaeoey\x00F0ieo noaeeo, iieaeoee, ui iiaeeia\x00BA aai aei\x00F0ii\x00B3ith\x00BA oa \x00BA nai\x00BA\x00F0\x00B3aeiith a\x00B3ceoiith ea\x00F0oeith aeaii? iieaeoee. Aeey iciio ia\x00F0aoiaee i\x00B3ae \x00F0\x00B3ciiiai\x00B3oieie aeaeo\x00F0iiieie noaiaie a\x00B3aeaoaathoueny i\x00F0e aei\x00F0ii\x00B3ithaaii\x00B3 aai iiaeeiaii\x00B3 na\x00B3oea a aeaeei\x00B3e, oeueo\x00F0ao\x00B3ieaoia\x00B3e oa oae caai\x00B3e aaeooii\x00B3e oeueo\x00F0ao\x00B3ieaoia\x00B3e (ieae/a 2000 A) iaeano\x00B3 niaeo\x00F0a. Eiaeiee aeaeo\x00F0iiiee ia\x00F0ao\x00B3ae noi\x00F0iaiaeaeo\x00BAoueny ii\x00F0\x00B3aiyii iaaaeeeeie ca aia\x00F0a\x00B3yie ci\x00B3iaie eieeaaeueieo oa a\x00F0auaoaeueiuo noai\x00B3a iieaeoee, /a\x00F0ac ui aeaeo\x00F0iiii-eieeaaeueii-iaa\x00F0oaeueiee niaeo\x00F0 iieaeoee i\x00F0aaenoaaey\x00BA niath nenoaio aeecueei \x00F0icoaoiaaieo iaeia aei iaeii? nioa. sseui i\x00F0e iiaeeiaii\x00B3 na\x00B3oea iieaeoea aeinyaia caoaeaeaiiai noaio, ui ia\x00BA aeinoaoith aia\x00F0a\x00B3th aeey oiai, uia \x00F0ic\x00B3\x00F0aaoe neaaeee caycie a iieaeoe\x00B3, oi inoaiiy aeenioe\x00B3th\x00BA. Aeey iieaeoee iciio aia\x00F0a\x00B3y cayceo (I—I2), \x00F0ic\x00F0ea yei? i\x00F0eaiaeeoue aei \x00F0iciaaeo iciio ia iieaeoey\x00F0iee oa aoiia\x00F0iee eenaiue, neeaaea\x00BA 1,05 yA.

Iaea\x00B3eueo aaaeeea\x00B3 nioae iiaeeiaiiy iciio eaaeaoue a ae\x00B3aiacii\x00B3 aeiaaeei oaeeue 2000—3000 A (\x00F0en. ). Caeaoi\x00B3noue aaco iiaeeiaoe aei\x00F0ii\x00B3ithaaiiy e\x00B3euee\x00B3noii oa\x00F0aeoa\x00F0eco\x00BAoueny eiao\x00B3oe\x00B3\x00BAioii iiaeeiaiiy k a caeii\x00B3, yeee iaceaathoue caeiiii Aa\x00BA\x00F0a—Eaiaa\x00F0oa:

I(v, o)=I(v,0)10-k(v)x

aea I(v, 0) — \x00B3ioaineai\x00B3noue io/ea iiiio\x00F0iiaoe/iiai na\x00B3oea /anoioith v, ui i\x00F0eoiaeeoue ia ao\x00B3aeia a\x00B3eii i\x00F0eno\x00F0ith aeiaaeeiith o, caiiaiaiiai aacii i\x00F0e aeaiiio oeneo; I(v, o) — \x00B3ioaineai\x00B3noue na\x00B3oea, ui i\x00F0ieoia e\x00F0\x00B3cue i\x00F0eno\x00F0\x00B3e..) Aei\x00B3\x00F0yia a ni"' aaee/eia eiao\x00B3oe\x00B3\x00BAioo iiaeeiaiiy k(v) a nioaao iiaeeiaiiy Oa\x00F0oe\x00B3 iieaeoee iciio \x00F0ic\x00F0aoiaaia ca oi\x00F0ioeith oa i\x00F0aaenoaaeaia ia \x00F0en. 2 a aeaeyae\x00B3 caeaaeiino\x00B3 a\x00B3ae aeiaaeeie oaee\x00B3 aei\x00F0ii\x00B3ithaaiiy, ui iaaeoiaeeoue. sse \x00B3 a\x00B3eueo\x00B3noue \x00B3ioeo nioa iiaeeiaiiy a iieaeoey\x00F0i\x00B3e niaeo\x00F0ineii\x00B3?, oe\x00B3 nioae iinyoue \x00B3iy iaoeiaoey, ui a\x00B3aee\x00F0ea ?o. A iaeneioi\x00B3 iiaeeiaiiy k =135 ni""', i\x00F0e oiauei\x00B3 oa\x00F0o iciio 0,3 ni c oi\x00F0ioee (1) aeoiaeeoue, ui a\x00B3aeiioaiiy I(v, 0): I(v, o) aoaea \x00F0\x00B3aii 1040! Oea cia/eoue, ui caiiee oa\x00F0 iciio iineaaeoue niiy/ia aei\x00F0ii\x00B3ithaaiiy oe\x00B3\x00BA? aeiaaeeie oaee\x00B3 a 1040 \x00F0ac\x00B3a, oiaoi i\x00F0aeoe/ii iiaeeia eiai iiai\x00B3noth.

I\x00F0e aeiaaeeiao oaeeue a\x00B3eueoa 3000 A a\x00B3ey nioa Oa\x00F0oe\x00B3 cyaeythoueny a\x00B3eueo neaae\x00B3 nioae Oaaa\x00B3ina oa Oaeiia— Eaoaa\x00F0a (\x00F0en. 2). Eiao\x00B3oe\x00B3\x00BAio iiaeeiaiiy a oeeo nioaao ia aeae\x00B3eueea ii\x00F0yaee\x00B3a iaioa, i\x00B3ae o nioa Oa\x00F0oe\x00B3. Ie\x00F0ai\x00B3 aeecueei \x00F0icoaoiaai\x00B3 a oeeo nenoaiao nioae iathoue aeia\x00F0a aeaeei\x00B3 \x00F0\x00B3ce\x00B3 iaeneioie oa i\x00B3i\x00B3ioie. A aeaeei\x00B3e /anoei\x00B3 niaeo\x00F0o \x00F0icoaoiaaia ia oe\x00F0iea nioaa Oaiith?, c yeith iiaycaiee nei\x00B3e eie\x00B3\x00F0 iciio. Neeueia iiaeeiaiiy iciio niinoa\x00F0\x00B3aa\x00BAoueny a iaeano\x00B3 aaeooiiiai oeueo\x00F0ao\x00B3ieaoa (1000—2000 A). \x00D0acii c iiaeeiaiiyi a nioaao Oa\x00F0oe\x00B3 oea iiaeeiaiiy i\x00F0eaiaeeoue aei ia\x00F0eao niiy/iiai niaeo\x00F0o ia iiaa\x00F0oi\x00B3 Caie\x00B3 i\x00F0e aeiaaeeiao oaeeue iaioa 2900 A, ui aeoaea aaaeeeai aeey caoenoo aeeooy ia iao\x00B3e ieaiao\x00B3 a\x00B3ae ei\x00F0ioeioaeeueiaeo aei\x00F0ii\x00B3ithaaiiue. O\x00F0aa a\x00B3aei\x00B3oeoe ,ui aaee/eie eiao\x00B3oe\x00B3\x00BAio\x00B3a iiaeeiaiiy nooo\x00BAai ci\x00B3iththoueny c oaiia\x00F0aoo\x00F0ith.

Nioae, ui a\x00B3aeiia\x00B3aeathoue eieeaaeueii - iaa\x00F0oaeueiei ia\x00F0aoiaeai a iieaeoe\x00B3 iciio, \x00F0icoaoiaai\x00B3 a \x00B3io\x00F0a/a\x00F0aii\x00B3e iaeano\x00B3 niaeo\x00F0o (3—15 iei). Eiao\x00B3oe\x00B3\x00BAioe iiaeeiaiiy a oeeo nioaao ci\x00B3iththoueny a oe\x00F0ieeo \x00F0aieao.

Ia\x00F0a\x00B3niei i\x00F0ioeanii oioio\x00B3i\x00B3/ii? \x00F0aaeoe\x00B3? \x00BA aeenioe\x00B3aoe\x00B3y iieaeoee. I\x00F0e oeueiio a caeaaeiino\x00B3 a\x00B3ae oiai a yeeo nioaao iiaeeiaiiy a\x00B3aeaoeany oioiaeenioe\x00B3aoe\x00B3y, e\x00B3ioeaa\x00B3 i\x00F0iaeoeoe oioi\x00F0aaeoe\x00B3? iiaeooue a\x00B3ae\x00F0\x00B3ciyoeny i\x00B3ae niaith. I\x00F0e \x00F0iceeaaeaii\x00B3 na\x00B3oeii iciio ia iieaeoey\x00F0iee oa aoiia\x00F0iee eenaiue a caeaaeiino\x00B3 a\x00B3ae aia\x00F0a\x00B3? eaaioa, yeee aoei iiaeeiooi (aeiaaeeie oaee\x00B3 iiaeeiooiai na\x00B3oea) aoii oa iieaeoea eenith iiaeooue aooe ye a iniiaieo, oae \x00B3 a caoaeaeaieo noaiao.

\x00D0aaeoe\x00B3eia caeaoi\x00B3noue aeaeo\x00F0iiii - caoaeaeaieo aoii\x00B3a oa iieaeoe neeueii a\x00B3ae\x00F0\x00B3ciy\x00BAoueny a\x00B3ae ?o \x00F0aaeoe\x00B3eii? caeaoiino\x00B3 a iniiaiiio noai\x00B3 Aeey i\x00F0eeeaaeo iiaeia \x00F0icaeyiooe ye i\x00F0ioiaeeoue oioiaeennioe\x00B3aoe\x00B3y i\x00F0e caoaeaeaii\x00B3 a nioaao Oaiith?. I\x00F0e iiaeeiaii\x00B3 /a\x00F0aiiiai na\x00B3oea (~6000 A) ia\x00F0a\x00B3niee i\x00F0ioeani caaa\x00F0oo\x00BAoueny \x00F0iceeaaeaiiyi iciio ia aoii oa iieaeoeo eenith a iniiaieo noaiao:

Ic hv = O(3P) + O2(3E)

ca yeei 'eaea ae\x00F0oai\x00F0yaeiee i\x00F0ioean aca\x00BAiiae\x00B3? aoiia\x00F0iiai eenith c iciiii.

O(3P) + O3 = 2O2

Oaeei /eiii, a \x00F0acoeueoao\x00B3 iiaeeiaiiy iaeiiai eaaioa naaoa aoei c\x00F0oeiiaaii aea\x00B3 iieaeoee iciia. Iaeiei c i\x00F0iaeoeo\x00B3a oioi\x00F0iceeaaeaiiy i\x00F0e caoaeaeaii\x00B3 a nioaao Oaaa\x00B3ina \x00BA caoaeaeaia iieaeoea eenith:

O3 hv = O(3P) + O2(1E)

ca yeei eaeooue i\x00F0ioeane

O(3P) + O3 = 2O2

O2(1E) + O3 = 2O2 + O(3P)

O(3P) + O3 = 2O2

A \x00F0acoeueoao\x00B3 noia\x00F0iee eaaioiaee aeo\x00B3ae \x00F0iceeaaeo Ic aei\x00F0\x00B3aith\x00BA 4i iieaeoeai . Aiaeia\x00B3ii iiaeii iieacaoe, u eaaioiaee aeo\x00B3ae oioiaeenioe\x00B3aoe\x00B3? iciio i\x00F0e caoaeaeai\x00B3 a nioaao Oa\x00F0oe\x00B3 iiaea aei\x00F0\x00B3aithaaoe 6.

C \x00F0icaeyiooeo caeiiii\x00B3\x00F0iinoae aca\x00BAiiae\x00B3? na\x00B3oea c iciiii iiaeia c\x00F0iaeoe aeaa aaaeeeaeo aeniiaee : 1) iieaeoee iciio iiaeeiathoue na\x00B3oei a oe\x00F0ieiio niaeo\x00F0aeueiiio ae\x00B3aiacii\x00B3 a\x00B3ae aaeooiiiai oeueo\x00F0ao\x00B3ieaoiaiai aei i\x00B3e\x00F0ioaeeueiaiai /anoei niaeo\x00F0a, i\x00F0e/iio iaea\x00B3eueo \x00B3ioaineaia iiaeeiaiiy niinoa\x00F0\x00B3aa\x00BAoueny aeey aeiaaeei oaeeue iaioa 3000 A; 2) i\x00F0e iiaeeiaii\x00B3 na\x00B3oea iciiii ye a oeueo\x00F0ao\x00B3ieaoia\x00B3e, oae \x00B3 o aeaeei\x00B3e /anoeiao niaeo\x00F0a a\x00B3aeaoaa\x00BAoueny oioio\x00B3i\x00B3/ia c\x00F0oeioaaiiy iciio c ooai\x00F0aiiyi iieaeoee eenith. \x00B2io\x00B3 oe\x00B3eaa\x00B3 a\x00B3aeiiino\x00B3 i\x00F0i o\x00B3ceeo -o\x00B3i\x00B3/i\x00B3 iieacieee iiaeia ciaeoe a i\x00F0aoeyo N. Ae. \x00D0acoiianueeiai oa A. A. Ca\x00B3eiaa.

AeINE\x00B2AeAEAIIss ICIIIAI\x00AF Ae\x00B2\x00D0E

A 1985\x00F0 Aeaeicao Oa\x00F0iai \x00F0acii c\x00B3 nai?ie ni\x00B3a\x00F0ia\x00B3oieeaie c A\x00F0eoainueei? aioa\x00F0eoe/ii? neoaeae aia\x00F0oa iia\x00B3aeiiea, ui c e\x00B3ioey 1970o \x00F0ie\x00B3a iaae Aioa\x00F0eoeaeith a\x00B3aeaoaaeiny cia/ia iioiioaiiy iciiiaiai oa\x00F0o. Aei\x00B3\x00F0e noiooieea «I\x00B3iaon-7», c\x00F0iaeai\x00B3 A\x00F0e\x00B3iii E\x00F0thaa\x00F0ii c Aiaeaea\x00F0aeianueeiai oeaio\x00F0a eini\x00B3/ieo iieueio\x00B3a IANA, iieacaee, ui c \x00F0ieaie aeao\x00B3oeeo iciio ca\x00B3eueooaaany a\x00B3ae iaei\x00B3\x00BA? i\x00B3aaeaiii? aanie aei \x00B3ioi?. A aa\x00F0ani\x00B3 oa aeiaoi\x00B3 ao\x00F0a/a\x00BAoueny a\x00B3ey 70% iciio iaae Aioa\x00F0eoeaeith, ui aei\x00F0\x00B3aith\x00BA i\x00F0eaeecii 3% anueiai iciio aoiinoa\x00F0e.

Aei\x00B3\x00F0e c\x00F0iaeai\x00B3 eaai\x00F0aoi\x00F0\x00B3\x00BAth Ae. Oioiaia c Oi\x00B3aa\x00F0neoaoo oo. Aaeii\x00B3ia, NOA, iieacaee, uiiaea\x00B3eueoa /anoeia ao\x00F0ao iciio i\x00F0ioiaeeoue ia aenioao a\x00B3ae 12 aei 30 e\x00B3eiiao\x00F0\x00B3a.

Aoei aenoiooi \x00F0yae a\x00B3iioac uiaei iiyniaiiy aeieeiaiiy iciiiai? ae\x00B3\x00F0e. Aoei a\x00B3aei\x00F0aaeaii aeae\x00B3eueea aeniaaeeoe\x00B3e aeey oia, uia a\x00B3aen\x00B3yoe iaa\x00B3\x00F0i\x00B3 a\x00B3iioace.

A\x00B3iioaca 1: aoiinoa\x00F0ia oee\x00F0eoeyoe\x00B3y.