Політика Бельгії 1945-1996 років, Детальна інформація

Iie\x00B3oeea Aaeuea\x00B3? ia\x00F0\x00B3iaeo 1945-1996 \x00F0ie\x00B3a

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Oa\x00F0iii\x00B3eue 1996

sse naiino\x00B3eia aea\x00F0aeaaa Aaeuea\x00B3y ii\x00F0\x00B3aiyii iieiaea: aiia aaaea na\x00B3e ii/aoie c 1830\x00F0. Ca oi\x00F0iith i\x00F0aae\x00B3iiy Aaeuea\x00B3y-eiinoeoooe\x00B3eia iiia\x00F0o\x00B3y. Aeaaa aea\x00F0aeaae-ei\x00F0ieue. Ca eiinoeoooe\x00B3\x00BAth aeaaea a Aaeuea\x00B3? iaeaaeeoue ia\x00F0eaiaioo, ui neeaaea\x00BAoueny c iaeaoe i\x00F0aaenoaaiee\x00B3a (212 aeaiooao\x00B3a) \x00B3 naiaoo (182 naiaoi\x00F0e).

Naith iia\x00B3oith \x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3th Aaeuea\x00B3y ii/aea c aa\x00F0aniy 1944\x00F0., eiee aoea aecaieaia aiaei-aia\x00F0eeainueeeie a\x00B3enueeaie a\x00B3ae oaoenonueei? ieoiaoe\x00B3?. A e\x00F0a?i\x00B3 i\x00B3aeiyany neeueiee aeaiie\x00F0aoe/iee \x00F0oo, \x00B3 i\x00F0ioyaii e\x00B3eueeio \x00F0ie\x00B3a i\x00F0e aeaae\x00B3 aoee o\x00F0yaee, ui aeeth/aee i\x00F0aaenoaaiee\x00B3a eiioi\x00B3noe/ii? ia\x00F0o\x00B3?. Ae\x00B3yeuei\x00B3noue oeeo o\x00F0yae\x00B3a ni\x00F0eyea a\x00B3aeiiaeaiith aeiiii\x00B3ee \x00B3 noni\x00B3eueiiai aeeooy; aoee caaacia/ai\x00B3 aeai\x00F0/\x00B3 i\x00F0aaa an\x00B3i ae\x00B3ieai, i\x00F0eeiyoee caeii i\x00F0i nioe\x00B3aeueia no\x00F0aooaaiiy oa \x00B3i.

A 1947\x00F0. \x00F0aaeoe\x00B3ei\x00B3 neee, ui ca\x00F0oioaaeeny iaaeiei Nioe\x00B3aeueii-O\x00F0enoeyinueei? (aoaoi? Eaoieeoeueei?) ia\x00F0o\x00B3?, ia\x00F0aeoee a ianooi; eiioi\x00B3noe ciooai\x00B3 aoee aeeoe c o\x00F0yaeo. A 1949\x00F0. Aaeuea\x00B3y anooieea a IAOI. A e\x00F0a?i\x00B3 aoee i\x00F0aai\x00B3ciaai\x00B3 aioe\x00F0aaeyinueea oa aioeeiioi\x00B3noe/ia eaiiai\x00B3?. Aea \x00F0ia\x00B3oie/\x00B3 iane i\x00B3ae ea\x00F0\x00B3aieoeoaii eiioi\x00B3no\x00B3a i\x00F0iaeiaaeoaaee ai\x00F0ioeny ca aeaiie\x00F0aoe/i\x00B3 ia\x00F0aoai\x00F0aiiy. Ei\x00F0ieue Eaiiieueae \x00B2\x00B2\x00B2, neiii\x00F0iiaooaaaoee naaa eai\x00B3ooeyoe\x00B3\x00BAth ia\x00F0aae i\x00B3ioeyie, i\x00B3ney iiaa\x00F0iaiiy a 1950\x00F0. a Aaeuea\x00B3th iacaaa\x00F0ii ciooaiee aoa c\x00F0aeoeny i\x00F0anoieo ia ei\x00F0enoue naiai neia Aiaeoaia. \x00D0oo i\x00F0ia\x00F0aneaieo nee, a ia\x00F0oeo \x00F0yaeao yeeo noiyea Eiioi\x00B3noe/ia ia\x00F0o\x00B3y Aaeuea\x00B3?, ia coieieany \x00B3 a ianooii\x00B3 \x00F0iee; iaea\x00B3eueo ae\x00F0acii a\x00B3i i\x00F0iyaeany a iaea\x00B3eueoiio a \x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3? Aaeuea\x00B3? no\x00F0aeeo o\x00F0oaeyueo, ui i\x00F0ieoia a e\x00B3ioe\x00B3 1960-ia ii/aoeo 1961\x00F0\x00F0.

A oiiaao ia\x00F0inoath/i? iaoe\x00B3iiaeueii-aecaieueii? ai\x00F0ioueae o\x00F0yae Aaeuea\x00B3? aoa aeiooaiee iaaeaoe iacaeaaei\x00B3noue nai?i ao\x00F0eeainueeei eieii\x00B3yi: a 1960\x00F0.-Eiiai (Ca\x00B3\x00F0), a a 1962\x00F0.-\x00D0oaiaea.

A ae\x00F0oa\x00B3e iieiaei\x00B3 1950-o \x00F0ie\x00B3a iiaeaaaeeenue ca’ycee Aaeuea\x00B3? c N\x00D0N\x00D0. A 1956\x00F0. aoa oeeaaeaiee aeiaia\x00B3\x00F0 i\x00F0i eoeueoo\x00F0ia ni\x00B3a\x00F0ia\x00B3oieoeoai N\x00D0N\x00D0 \x00B3 Aaeuea\x00B3?, a 1969\x00F0.-aeiaia\x00B3\x00F0 i\x00F0i aeiiii\x00B3/ia \x00B3 iaoeiai-oaoi\x00B3/ia ni\x00B3a\x00F0ia\x00B3oieoeoai. Cia/ii ca\x00B3eueoeeenue ianyae aaeuea\x00B3enueei-\x00F0aaeyinueei? oi\x00F0a\x00B3ae\x00B3, iniaeeai a 1970-1976\x00F0\x00F0. A 1975\x00F0. aoea i\x00B3aeienaia \x00F0aaeyinueei-aaeuea\x00B3enueea aeaeea\x00F0aoe\x00B3y, iai\x00F0yieaia ia \x00F0icaeoie ni\x00B3a\x00F0ia\x00B3oieoeoaa iaio e\x00F0a?i a iie\x00B3oe/i\x00B3e, aeiiii\x00B3/i\x00B3e oa \x00B3ioeo noa\x00F0ao. A oeae /an iaeaaiaeaeothoueny ca’ycee Aaeuea\x00B3? c \x00B3ioeie \x00BAa\x00F0iiaenueeeie aea\x00F0aeaaaie.

Aeey ciai\x00B3oiuei? iie\x00B3oeee Aaeuea\x00B3? oa\x00F0aeoa\x00F0ia i\x00F0ea’ycai\x00B3noue aei “aoeaioe/ieo oaiaeaioe\x00B3e”, “\x00BAa\x00F0iiaenueei? \x00B3ioaa\x00F0aoe\x00B3?”, oi/a o\x00F0yae /\x00B3oei ia ae\x00F0aceany ia i\x00B3aeo\x00F0eieo aia\x00F0eeainueeeo ieai\x00B3a NI\x00B2. A Aaeuea\x00B3? \x00F0icoaoiaaia \x00D0aaea IAOI oa ooaa-eaa\x00F0oe\x00F0a aa\x00F0oiaiiai aieiaiieiiaiaeoth/iai ca\x00F0ieieie neeaie IAOI a \x00AAa\x00F0ii\x00B3.

Aaeuea\x00B3y aoiaeeoue a \x00F0yae aeiiii\x00B3/ieo oa iie\x00B3oe/ieo nithc\x00B3a eai\x00B3oae\x00B3noe/ieo e\x00F0a?i: Aai\x00B3ethen (aeiiii\x00B3/iee nithc c I\x00B3aea\x00F0eaiaeaie oa Ethenaiao\x00F0aii), \x00AAAN, \x00AAION, \x00AAa\x00F0oii, Cao\x00B3aeii-\x00BAa\x00F0iiaenueeee nithc oa \x00B3io\x00B3. A oeae /an Aaeuea\x00B3y, i\x00F0iyaeyth/e iaaiee \x00F0aae\x00B3ci, i\x00F0iaiaeeoue aeaye\x00B3 iiceoeai\x00B3 i\x00B3\x00F0ii\x00F0e\x00BAinoaa c o\x00F0aooaaiiyi nai?o iaoe\x00B3iiaeueieo \x00B3ioa\x00F0an\x00B3a, \x00F0icoe\x00F0th\x00BA eiioaeoe c nioe\x00B3ae\x00B3noe/ieie e\x00F0a\x00B3iaie.

A inoaii\x00B3 \x00F0iee a e\x00F0a?i\x00B3 i\x00F0ioiaeyoue na\x00F0eici\x00B3 aea\x00F0aai\x00B3 ia\x00F0aoai\x00F0aiiy, ui aaaeooue aei iinooiiaiai ia\x00F0aoai\x00F0aiiy ?? a oaaea\x00F0aoeaio aea\x00F0aeaao. A 1980\x00F0. a \x00F0acoeueoao\x00B3 /anoeiai? \x00F0aoi\x00F0ie aea\x00F0aeaaiiai aia\x00F0aoo aoee noai\x00F0ai\x00B3 \x00F0aa\x00B3iiaeuei\x00B3 ia\x00F0eaiaioe oa o\x00F0yaee \x00B3 ?i iaaeaia iiaia aaoiiii\x00B3y a ae\x00F0\x00B3oaii\x00B3 a\x00B3eueoino\x00B3 ieoaiue. A \x00F0acoeueoao\x00B3 \x00F0aoi\x00F0ie, i\x00F0iaaaeaii? a na\x00F0ii\x00B3 1988\x00F0., i\x00F0a\x00F0iaaoeae a aaeoc\x00B3 ina\x00B3oe, ioi\x00F0iie caei\x00F0ia’y, noni\x00B3eueieo \x00F0ia\x00B3o, aia\x00F0aaoeee, o\x00F0ainii\x00F0oo, iie\x00B3oeee a noa\x00F0\x00B3 caeiyoino\x00B3, a iaeano\x00B3 iaoeiaeo aeine\x00B3aeaeaiue ia\x00F0aaeai\x00B3 aeeiiaa/ei i\x00F0aaiai iaoe\x00B3iiaeueieo iauei oa \x00F0aa\x00B3ii\x00B3a.

C /ano caaa\x00F0oaiiy ae\x00F0oai? na\x00B3oiai? a\x00B3eie a e\x00F0a?i\x00B3 ci\x00B3ieeinue 34 o\x00F0yaee. A ca’yceo c oa\x00F0oyi ii ieoaiiyo nioe\x00B3aeueii-aeiiii\x00B3/ii? iie\x00B3oeee i\x00F0ioyaii aeaio inoaii\x00B3o aeanyoee\x00B3oue ia aaeaaaeiny noi\x00F0ioaaoe no\x00B3ee\x00B3 o\x00F0yaeia\x00B3 eiae\x00B3oe\x00B3? c i\x00F0aaenoaaiee\x00B3a oanoe iniiaieo iie\x00B3oe/ieo ia\x00F0o\x00B3e. A \x00F0acoeueoao\x00B3 iica/a\x00F0aiaeo ia\x00F0eaiaionueeeo aeai\x00F0\x00B3a a a\x00F0oaei\x00B3 1981\x00F0.,a \x00F0aoeueoao\x00B3 yeeo o\x00F0enoeyinuee\x00B3 ia\x00F0o\x00B3? iaea\x00F0aeaee 61 iaiaeao, nioe\x00B3ae\x00B3noe-61 iaiaeao, e\x00B3aa\x00F0aee-52 iaiaeaoe, eiioi\x00B3noe-2 iaiaeaoe; \x00B3 ianooiieo a aeiaoi\x00B3 1985\x00F0. aoee noi\x00F0iiaai\x00B3 eiae\x00B3oe\x00B3ei\x00B3 i\x00F0aaioeaio\x00F0enonuee\x00B3 o\x00F0yaee i\x00B3ae ea\x00F0\x00B3aieoeoaii A.Ia\x00F0oainiia (a i’yoee oa oinoee \x00F0ac) \x00B3c i\x00F0aaenoaaiee\x00B3a iaio o\x00F0enoeyinueeeo oa iaio e\x00B3aa\x00F0aeueieo ia\x00F0o\x00B3e.

Aeey aioo\x00F0\x00B3oiueiiie\x00B3oe/ii? neooaoe\x00B3? a Aaeuea\x00B3? ia ii/aoeo 80-o \x00F0ie\x00B3a oa\x00F0aeoa\x00F0i\x00B3 aino\x00F0\x00B3 nioe\x00B3aeuei\x00B3 eiioe\x00B3eoe, oneeaaeiai\x00B3 aeiiii\x00B3/iith e\x00F0ecith, ui caoayaioeany. Iaiaaaiiy o\x00F0yaeo iaeoe aeo\x00B3ae c oe\x00B3\x00BA? e\x00F0ece oeyoii i\x00F0eeiyooy oe\x00B3ei? iecee \x00F0\x00B3oaiue aeey “icaei\x00F0iaeaiiy” aeiiii\x00B3ee, a ia\x00F0oo /a\x00F0ao ca \x00F0aooiie \x00F0ia\x00B3oiee\x00B3a, a oiio /ene\x00B3 oeyoii aeei\x00F0enoaiiy “iaaecae/aeieo iiaiiaaaeaiue”, iaea\x00F0aeaieo a\x00B3ae ia\x00F0eaiaioo a 1982\x00F0. nii/aoeo ia iaeei \x00F0\x00B3e, a iio\x00B3i i\x00F0iaeiaaeaieo aei e\x00B3ioey 1983\x00F0. \x00B3 ciia iaea\x00F0aeaieo a 1986\x00F0., ye\x00B3 aeicaieyee ?i i\x00F0eeiaoe \x00F0\x00B3oaiiy a nioe\x00B3aeueii-aeiiii\x00B3/i\x00B3e noa\x00F0\x00B3 aac ?o noaaeaiiy ia\x00F0eaiaioii. \x00D0\x00B3cei caaino\x00F0eeany iaoe\x00B3iiaeueia i\x00F0iaeaia, ui iino\x00B3eii aieeaa\x00BA ia aioo\x00F0\x00B3oiueiiie\x00B3oe/io neooaoe\x00B3th a e\x00F0a?i\x00B3 a ca’yceo c iaa\x00F0aaoeueiaaieie aca\x00BAiia\x00B3aeiineiaie i\x00B3ae iniiaieie iaoe\x00B3yie-oeaiaiaeoeyie oa aaeeiiaie, a \x00F0acoeueoao\x00B3 /iai a 1987\x00F0. \x00F0icii/aeany o\x00F0yaeiaa e\x00F0eca. A a\x00F0oaei\x00B3 1987\x00F0. i\x00F0ieoee iica/a\x00F0aia\x00B3 ia\x00F0eaiaionuee\x00B3 aeai\x00F0e, ia yeeo o\x00F0enoeyinuee\x00B3 ia\x00F0o\x00B3? iaea\x00F0aeaee 62 iaiaeaoe, nioe\x00B3ae\x00B3noe-72 iaiaeaoe, e\x00B3aa\x00F0aee-48 iaiaeao\x00B3a, a Eiioi\x00B3noe/ia ia\x00F0o\x00B3y Aaeuea\x00B3? ia iaea\x00F0aeaea a ia\x00F0eaiaio\x00B3 aeiaeiiai i\x00B3noey.

A o\x00F0aai\x00B3 1988\x00F0. aoea noai\x00F0aia e\x00B3aioeaio\x00F0enonueea o\x00F0yaeiaa eiae\x00B3oe\x00B3y i\x00B3ae ea\x00F0\x00B3aieoeoaii A.Ia\x00F0oainiia, yeee noaaaa i\x00F0ai’\x00BA\x00F0-i\x00B3i\x00B3no\x00F0ii aaea a nueiiee \x00F0ac.

A 80-o\x00B3 \x00F0iee iaea\x00B3eueo\x00B3 iie\x00B3oe/i\x00B3 ia\x00F0o\x00B3? (e\x00F0\x00B3i eiioi\x00B3noe/ii?) \x00F0iceieieeny ia naiino\x00B3ei\x00B3 ia\x00F0o\x00B3? \x00F0aa\x00B3iiaeueiiai oa\x00F0aeoa\x00F0o, ae\x00B3th/\x00B3 a Aaeeii\x00B3?, Oeaiae\x00F0\x00B3?, A\x00F0thnnaeuenueeiio \x00F0aeii\x00B3. Ia iniia\x00B3 Nioe\x00B3aeueii-o\x00F0enoeyinueei? ia\x00F0o\x00B3?, ui aoea noai\x00F0aia a 1830\x00F0., ooai\x00F0eeenue Nioe\x00B3aeueii-o\x00F0enoeyinueea ia\x00F0o\x00B3y (NOI) a Aaeeii\x00B3? oa O\x00F0enoeyinueea ia\x00F0iaeia ia\x00F0o\x00B3y (OII) a Oeaiae\x00F0\x00B3?, ui ae\x00F0aaeaee \x00B3ioa\x00F0ane aaeeei? ao\x00F0aeoac\x00B3?; ia iniia\x00B3 Ia\x00F0o\x00B3? naiaiaee \x00B3 i\x00F0ia\x00F0ano (INI), ui aoea noai\x00F0aia 1846\x00F0. ye E\x00B3aa\x00F0aeueia ia\x00F0o\x00B3y Aaeuea\x00B3?-Ia\x00F0o\x00B3y naiaiaee \x00B3 i\x00F0ia\x00F0ano a Oeaiae\x00F0\x00B3? oa Ia\x00F0o\x00B3y \x00F0aoi\x00F0i \x00B3 naiaiaee (I\x00D0N) a Aaeeii\x00B3?, ye\x00B3 oaeiae ae\x00F0aaeaee \x00B3ioa\x00F0ane aaeeei? ao\x00F0aeoac\x00B3?. Aaeuea\x00B3enueea nioe\x00B3ae\x00B3noe/ia ia\x00F0o\x00B3y, ui aoea noai\x00F0aia a 1885\x00F0. \x00F0icae\x00B3eeeanue ia aea\x00B3 nioe\x00B3ae\x00B3noe/i\x00B3 ia\x00F0o\x00B3?, ye\x00B3 aoiaeyoue a Nioe\x00B3ioa\x00F0i, ei\x00F0enoothoueny aieeaii na\x00F0aae cia/ii? /anoeie \x00F0ia\x00B3oie/iai eeano oa iaei? ao\x00F0aeoac\x00B3?. Oieueenthie (OTH)-noai\x00F0aia a 1954\x00F0., i\x00F0aaa oeaiaiaenueea iaoe\x00B3aiae\x00B3noe/ia ia\x00F0o\x00B3y; Aeaiie\x00F0aoe/iee o\x00F0iio o\x00F0aieioii\x00B3a (AeOO) , ui aoa noi\x00F0aiee a 1965\x00F0. \x00B3 Aaeeiinueea ia’\x00BAaeiaiiy , noai\x00F0aia a 1968\x00F0. ooai\x00F0eee aaeeiinuee\x00B3 iaoe\x00B3iiae\x00B3noe/i\x00B3 ia\x00F0o\x00B3?, ye\x00B3 ye i\x00F0aaeei aenooiaee ni\x00B3eueii.

Eiioi\x00B3noe/ia ia\x00F0o\x00B3y Aaeuea\x00B3? (EIA)-caniiaaia a 1921\x00F0., i\x00F0iaieioo\x00BA nai\x00BAth oe\x00B3eeth iiaoaeiao a e\x00F0a?i\x00B3 nioe\x00B3ae\x00B3noe/iiai noni\x00B3euenoaa, aenooia\x00BA ca ie\x00F0, \x00F0icca\x00F0i\x00BAiiy oa \x00BAa\x00F0iiaenueeo aaciaeo; aeey ae\x00F0\x00B3oaiiy ye iaeaeeae/eo, oae \x00B3 ia\x00F0niaeoeaieo caaea/ aeneiaeth\x00BAoueny ca noai\x00F0aiiy iaaeiei \x00F0ia\x00B3oie/iai eeano oe\x00F0ieiai nithco i\x00F0ia\x00F0aneaieo nee. A 1982\x00F0. a\x00B3aeaoany OO\x00B2V c’?cae EIA, ui i\x00F0ioiaeea a aeaa aoaie: 1-aa\x00F0acaiue-ea\x00B3oaiue, 2-a\x00F0oaeaiue. Ia c’?cae\x00B3 aoee iaaiai\x00F0ai\x00B3 i\x00B3aeia\x00F0iaei\x00B3 i\x00F0iaeaie, ieoaiiy no\x00F0aoaa\x00B3? ia\x00F0o\x00B3? a oiiaao aeiiii\x00B3/ii? e\x00F0ece, ia\x00F0o\x00B3eiiai aoae\x00B3aieoeoaa, i\x00F0iaeaie ai\x00F0ioueae ca ie\x00F0 \x00B3 iiia\x00F0aaeaeaiiy yaea\x00F0ii? iaaaciaee. Ia c’?cae\x00B3 aoa i\x00F0eeiyoee iiaee Noaooo EIA. Aieiaa EIA-E.Aai Aaeo. Oeaio\x00F0aeuei\x00B3 i\x00F0aaie-“Ae\x00F0aii \x00F0oae”(o\x00F0aioe.) \x00B3 “\x00D0iaea aaai” (aie.).

I\x00F0ionithce ioiieththoue a\x00B3eueoa 70% o\x00F0oaeyueo. Iniiai\x00B3 i\x00F0io-ia’\x00BAaeiaiiy: Anaia\x00F0iaeia oaaea\x00F0aoe\x00B3y i\x00F0aoe\x00B3 Aaeuea\x00B3?-caniiaaia a 1898\x00F0.; Eiioaaea\x00F0aoe\x00B3y O\x00F0enoeyinueeeo i\x00F0ionithc\x00B3aAaeuea\x00B3?-caniiaaia a 1908\x00F0.; Eiioa\x00F0aioe\x00B3y e\x00B3aa\x00F0aeueieo i\x00F0ionithc\x00B3a.

Aaeuea\x00B3y-aea\x00F0aeaaa, yea ia iie\x00B3oe/i\x00B3e a\x00F0ai\x00B3 a na\x00B3o\x00B3 iin\x00B3aea\x00BA cia/ia i\x00B3noea. Naia oiio ooaa-eaa\x00F0oe\x00F0a IAOI \x00B3 ciaoiaeeoueny a A\x00F0thnnae\x00B3.

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