Polysemy In The Semantic Field Of Movement In The English Language, Детальна інформація

To move to the ground from force of weight / loss of balance

To fall suddenly a long way from a high position

To fall very quickly from a high position

Object Object swing

lift

raise

bend To move from side to side/back and forth/up and down repeatedly

To cause stb/sth to move up

To move in a different direction To move regularly from side to side/back and forth

To cause sb/sth to move up

To lift sth

To turn in a curve/angle

Part of the body swing

lift

raise

bend To move a part of one’s body To move regularly from side to side/back and forth

To move a part of one’s body upwards (esp. head/arm/leg/foot)

To move a part of one’s body upwards

To move a part of one’s body downwards

The verbs shake, tremble and quiver may be found with a subject argument semantically characterized as human or as concrete. But they can also take an object denoting a part of the body via the metaphor Body part = Human (Goatly 1997):

(16) Mark was so nervous that his knees were shaking.

Sail typically occurs with a subject semantically characterized as boat. Its use with a human agent results from a metonymical process (content for receptacle):

(17) They sailed the Mediterranean.

Rise designates upward movement of both human and concrete entities, but the prototypical argument is human, as shown in the restricted use of rise with human subjects when it describes body movement:

(18) She rose to greet me.

Fall, plunge and plummet, which denote downward movement, may also occur with human and concrete entities:

(19) He fell off the horse.

(20) The vase fell from her hand.

Lastly, the verbs swing, lift, raise and bend take an object semantically marked as object or part of the body:

(21) She lifted her head when I came in.