К.Ясперс "Витоки історії та її мета", Детальна інформація

Aeaeaoiee i\x00B3iaoeueeee o\x00B3einio-aec\x00B3noaioe\x00B3ae\x00B3no, Ea\x00F0e ssnia\x00F0n (1883-1969) o nai?e i\x00F0aoe\x00B3 “Aeoiee \x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3? oa ?? iaoa” cai\x00F0iiiioaaa nai\x00BA\x00F0\x00B3aeio eiioeaioe\x00B3th \x00B3noi\x00F0e/iiai \x00F0icaeoeo ethaenoaa.

Historia est magistra vitae. Oeae a\x00B3aeiiee aene\x00B3a /oaeiai \x00F0ice\x00F0eaa\x00BA iaoo iaienaiiy Ea\x00F0eii ssnia\x00F0nii eiai ooiaeaiaioaeueiiai aeine\x00B3aeaeaiiy. Oa\x00B3\x00F0 i\x00F0enay/aiee aena\x00B3oeaiith oe\x00B3e\x00B3nii? eiioeaioe\x00B3? na\x00B3oiai? \x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3?, cai\x00F0iiiiiaaii? naiei o\x00B3einioii, aea ae, ye ieoa a\x00B3i “eeoa \x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3y ethaenoaa iiaea aeaoe ianooaa aeey inieneaiiy no/aniino\x00B3”. Naia oiio, i\x00B3ney ei\x00F0ioeiai, aea a\x00F0oioiaiiai iaeyaeo caaaeueieo \x00B3noi\x00F0e/ieo i\x00F0ioean\x00B3a ssnia\x00F0n caa\x00F0oa\x00BAoueny aei aiae\x00B3co no/anii? neooaoe\x00B3?, a oaeiae \x00F0iaeoue ni\x00F0iao caa\x00F0iooeny aei iaeaooiueiai ethaenoaa. I\x00B3aenoiiao\x00BA oa\x00B3\x00F0 \x00F0icae\x00B3e , ui \x00F0ice\x00F0eaa\x00BA ieoaiiy oe\x00B3eae \x00B3 i\x00F0ecia/aiiy \x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3?, ?? cia/aiiy oa aeanoeainoae.

*anoeia ia\x00F0oa “Na\x00B3oiaa \x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3y”

Ooo ssnia\x00F0n aeeeaaea\x00BA nai? iiaeyaee ia caaaeuei\x00B3 caeiiii\x00B3\x00F0iino\x00B3, ui oa\x00F0aeoa\x00F0ecoaaee \x00F0icaeoie ethaenoaa i\x00F0ioyaii oeo 5 oeny/ \x00F0ie\x00B3a, ui ioiieththoueny iiiyooyi \x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3y (oiaoi uiaei yeeo ie ia\x00BAii ienueiia\x00B3 na\x00B3ae/aiiy).

Oeae /aniaee i\x00F0ii\x00B3aeie, ia aeoieo o\x00B3einioa - eeoa ei\x00F0ioea ieoue i\x00B3ae iaa\x00B3aeiieie aeoieaie \x00B3 oae naii iaa\x00B3aeiiei ieioeei. Oei ia iaio, eiai iiaeia no\x00F0oeoo\x00F0ecoaaoe, aeae\x00B3eeoe a iueiio iaai\x00B3 aoaie, a oaeiae oaiaeaioe\x00B3? \x00F0icaeoeo, ia iniia\x00B3 yeeo iiaeia aoaea ae\x00F0iaeoe a\x00B3iioace uiaei iaeaooiueiai ethaenueei? oeea\x00B3e\x00B3caoe\x00B3?.

ssnia\x00F0n aeae\x00B3ey\x00BA /ioe\x00F0e iaeaaaeeea\x00B3o\x00B3 aoaie, ia eiaeiiio c yeeo ethaeeia ii/eiaea \x00F0oo oia\x00F0aae a\x00B3ae iiai? iniiae. Ianaiia\x00F0aae, oea aei\x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3y, aai “i\x00F0iiaoa?anueea aeiaa” - ia\x00F0\x00B3iae, eiee ethaeeia noa\x00BA ethaeeiith; ianooiiith noiaeeieith \x00BA aiioa aaeeeeo eoeueoo\x00F0 aeaaieie, aiioa, eiee aeania \x00B3 \x00F0icii/eia\x00BAoueny \x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3y; iaeaaaeeea\x00B3oa cia/aiiy ia\x00BA o\x00F0ao\x00B3e aoai - oae caaiee inueiaee /an, \x00F0ieue yeiai - o oi\x00F0ioaaii\x00B3 ethaeeie no/aniiai oeio, “iaeooioai\x00F0aii? ethaeeie”; ia\x00F0aoo\x00B3, inoaii\x00B3e aoai, yeee o\x00F0eaa\x00BA \x00B3 aein\x00B3, \x00F0icii/aany aeecueei 1500\x00F0. - oea iaoeiai-oaoi\x00B3/ia aiioa, iniaeea\x00B3noue yei? ua e a oiio, ui naia ca\x00B3aene \x00F0icii/eia\x00BAoueny aeania na\x00B3oiaa \x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3y, \x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3y ethaenoaa a oe\x00B3eiio, a ia ie\x00F0aieo aea\x00F0aeaa.

C \x00B3ioiai aieo, a \x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3? ethaenoaa aeae\x00B3eythoueny aeaa “aeeoaiiy”. Ia\x00F0oa \x00F0icii/eia\x00BAoueny c iiyaith Homo Sapiens \x00B3 o\x00F0eaa\x00BA aei caaa\x00F0oaiiy inueiaiai /ano, a ae\x00F0oaa aeeoaiiy ethaenoaa iia’ycaia c iaoeiai-oaoi\x00B3/iith aiioith (yea, ca eiioeaioe\x00B3\x00BAth ssnia\x00F0na, \x00BA a\x00B3aeaeaeaiith aiaeia\x00B3\x00BAth “i\x00F0iiaoa?anueei? aiioe”, aiioith a\x00B3aee\x00F0eooy iiaeo iiaeeeainoae), \x00B3, iaiaaia, iiia\x00F0aaeo ian i/\x00B3eo\x00BA ae\x00F0oaee inueiaee /an \x00B3 iia\x00B3 ci\x00B3ie o nooiino\x00B3 ethaeeie, ia\x00F0ao\x00B3ae ?? ia ye\x00B3nii iiaee \x00F0\x00B3aaiue.

Ioaea, \x00F0icaeyiaii 4 iniiai\x00B3 aoaie \x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3? iine\x00B3aeiaii.

1 . Aei\x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3y

Eiioeaioe\x00B3y ssnia\x00F0na : ethaenoai ia\x00BA \x00BAaeei\x00B3 aeoiee \x00B3 iaoo, ui iai iaa\x00B3aeii\x00B3 \x00B3 aei inieneaiiy yeeo ie i\x00F0aaiaii. Iaeiae, aeiaanoe iaoeiai oea iieiaeaiiy iaiiaeeeai, oae naii ye iaiiaeeeai aeiaanoe cai\x00F0ioi\x00BA. I\x00F0eiouaiiy oe\x00B3\x00BA? \x00BAaeiino\x00B3 ssnia\x00F0n iaceaa\x00BA iinooeaoii a\x00B3\x00F0e. Neiaie\x00B3/ii oea iieacaii o A\x00B3ae\x00B3? : oeyo a\x00B3ae Aaeaia, iia’ycai\x00B3noue e\x00F0iaiith nii\x00F0\x00B3aeiai\x00B3noth an\x00B3o ethaeae. Oaeei /eiii, a\x00B3i /\x00B3oei cayaey\x00BA i\x00F0i naith i\x00F0eoeeuei\x00B3noue aei \x00F0ae\x00B3a\x00B3eii? o\x00F0aaeeoe\x00B3? o iiyniaii\x00B3 \x00B3noi\x00F0e/iiai i\x00F0ioeano. \x00B2noi\x00F0\x00B3y, ca ssnia\x00F0nii, ia\x00BA na\x00B3e ii/aoie \x00B3 na\x00B3e e\x00B3iaoeue, a ?? \x00F0oo aecia/a\x00BAoueny neeith I\x00F0iaeae\x00B3iiy. I\x00F0aeoe/ia ao\x00B3eaiiy oeueiai iinooeaoo iiaeia aeyaeoe, eeoa ia’\x00BAeoeaii \x00F0icaeyioaoe \x00B3 i\x00F0iaiae\x00B3coaaaoe \x00B3noi\x00F0e/iee oeyo ethaenoaa, a\x00B3ae naiiai eiai ii/aoeo.

Aaia\x00F0ao\x00B3/i\x00B3 na\x00B3ae/aiiy aeathoue ciaiiy i\x00F0i iiyao \x00B3 \x00F0icaeoie iaeaeaai\x00B3oeo eoeueoo\x00F0. Ethaeeia iinooiiai canaeyth anth caiio eoeth, cia/aiiy i\x00F0e oeueiio ia\x00BA i\x00F0e\x00F0iaeia na\x00F0aaeiaeua, eaiaeoaoo oa \x00B3io\x00B3 i\x00F0e\x00F0iaei\x00B3 \x00B3 nioe\x00B3aeuei\x00B3 oaeoi\x00F0e. Ci\x00B3iththoue iaeia iaeia \x00F0\x00B3ci\x00B3 aeaee aii\x00B3i\x00B3ae\x00B3a, aeiee, ia\x00F0aoo\x00B3, aeecueei 20 oeny/ \x00F0ie\x00B3a oiio ia c’yaey\x00BAoueny e\x00F0iiaiueeiiaoeue. A\x00B3aeoiae\x00B3 iiaeia aanoe iiao i\x00F0i \x00F0icaeoie aeania ethaeeie. Ca\x00B3aene ii/eia\x00BAoueny aei\x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3y.

I\x00B3aeoiae\x00B3a aei i\x00B3ciaiiy aei\x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3? \x00B3nio\x00BA 3: 1) iaeaeaai\x00B3oee, o\x00F0aaeeoe\x00B3eiee - /a\x00F0ac i\x00B3oe \x00B3 ia\x00F0ace; 2) no/aniee - /a\x00F0ac i\x00B3ciaiiy oiai, ui aoei i\x00F0eoaiaiia aei\x00B3noi\x00F0e/i\x00B3e ethaeei\x00B3 (a\x00F0oaieia\x00B3y); 3)aecia/aiiy oiai, ui caeeoeeiny a ian a\x00B3ae aei\x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3? - ni\x00F0iae i\x00B3ciaoe nooi\x00B3noue ethaeeie.

\x00D0icaeoie ethaeeie o aei\x00B3noi\x00F0e/io aiioo - oea noaiiaeaiiy ethaenueei? i\x00F0e\x00F0iaee, oi\x00F0ioaaiiy ethaeeie ye aeaeo oeyoii oniaaeeoaaiiy iaaieo yeinoae - o./. cae\x00F0\x00B3iethaaeenue ooiaeaiaioaeuei\x00B3 \x00F0ene ethaeeie, yeei ia caa\x00F0iaeo\x00BA cieeiaiiy ( a oie /an ye \x00B3noi\x00F0e/i\x00B3 yeino\x00B3 iaaoaathoueny a oiae\x00B3 ia\x00F0aaea/\x00B3 aeina\x00B3aeo \x00B3 iiaeooue aooe ao\x00F0a/ai\x00B3). Iaaeaaiiy oe\x00B3\x00BA? aiioe i/aaeaei\x00B3 - i\x00F0e\x00F0iaea noai\x00F0eea \x00B3 a\x00B3aeoe\x00B3ooaaea iano\x00B3eueee noaa\x00B3eueiee i\x00F0aai\x00B3ci, ui a\x00B3i ia iio\x00F0aaoaaa iiaeaeueoeo oaeineiiaeaiue \x00B3 aei nueiaiaei\x00B3, aaeaea i\x00F0ioyaii \x00B3noi\x00F0e/iiai ia\x00F0\x00B3iaeo ethaeeia a\x00B3ieia\x00B3/ii ia ci\x00B3ieeanue.

Ioaea, i\x00F0ioyaii aei\x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3? a\x00B3aeaoaa\x00BAoueny ia\x00F0oa noaiiaeaiiy ethaeeie:

A\x00B3ieia\x00B3/ia - oi\x00F0io\x00BAoueny ?? niaoeeo\x00B3/ia o\x00B3c\x00B3ieia\x00B3y. Ethaeeia iinooia\x00BAoueny oaa\x00F0eiai a ie\x00F0aieo caeaoiinoyo, aea caaaeyee ianiaoe\x00B3ae\x00B3ciaaiino\x00B3 i\x00F0aai\x00B3cio \x00F0icaeaa\x00BA cia\x00F0yaeaey, ieneaiiy, aeooiai\x00B3noue. Iaeiei c aaaeeeaeo oaeoi\x00F0\x00B3a a\x00B3ieia\x00B3/iiai oi\x00F0ioaaiiy ethaeeie \x00BA na\x00F0aaeiaeua, a yeiio i\x00F0ioiaeeoue 1e \x00F0\x00B3e ?? aeeooy. Ia aeoieo ssnia\x00F0na, ethaeeia oaeiae ye\x00B3nii a\x00B3ae\x00F0\x00B3ciy\x00BAoueny a\x00B3ae \x00B3ioeo oi\x00F0i aeeooy iayai\x00B3noth aeooo. sseee naia ci\x00B3no aeeaaea\x00BA o\x00B3einio o oeae oa\x00F0i\x00B3i - aaaeei neacaoe, aea, i/aaeaeii, oea ia no\x00B3eueee aeooa a \x00F0ae\x00B3a\x00B3eiiio \x00F0icoi\x00B3ii\x00B3, ne\x00B3eueee iniaeeaa caeaoi\x00B3noue ethaeeie aei a\x00B3aeoai\x00F0aiiy \x00F0aaeueii? ae\x00B3eniino\x00B3 o nai?e na\x00B3aeiiino\x00B3, aei ieneaiiy \x00B3 aei aeeaieiai aiioe\x00B3eiiai ia\x00F0aaeeaaiiy.

\x00B2noi\x00F0e/ia - cae\x00B3enith\x00BAoueny ia\x00F0aaeaaaiiy c iieie\x00B3iiy o iieie\x00B3iiy aeina\x00B3aeo, iaaieo ii\x00F0aeueieo ianoaiia, oi\x00B3iue oiui. Aecia/aeueieie caeiaooeaie o i\x00F0ioean\x00B3 oaeiai oi\x00F0ioaaiiy ethaeeie noaee ianaiia\x00F0aae:

aeei\x00F0enoaiiy aiaith \x00B3 cia\x00F0yaeue

iiyaa iiae

cae\x00B3eniaiiy ianeeey iaae niaith, yea oi\x00F0io\x00BA ethaeeio. I\x00F0iyae oaeiai ianeeey - o anoaiiaeaii\x00B3 iaaieo i\x00F0aaee, iaiaaeaiue, o a\x00B3ae\x00F0ea\x00B3 a\x00B3ae i\x00F0e\x00F0iaeieo ei\x00F0ai\x00B3a. Ca aeneiaii ssnia\x00F0na, ”i\x00F0e\x00F0iaea ethaeeie - a ?? iai\x00F0e\x00F0iaeiino\x00B3”

ooai\x00F0aiiy a\x00F0oi \x00B3 ni\x00B3eueiio, iaoo yeiai ethaeeia inieneth\x00BA. Oea ia cae/aei\x00B3 oaa\x00F0eii\x00B3 noaaea, ye\x00B3 oi\x00F0iothoueny noeo\x00B3eii, a neeo aeeoo\x00BAai? iaiao\x00B3aeiino\x00B3, oea ia’\x00BAaeiaiiy aeey ni\x00B3eueiiai ia\x00F0aoai\x00F0aiiy na\x00B3oo, aeey ni\x00B3eeoaaiiy. I\x00B3ae ethaeueie \x00B3nio\x00BA aeeaiea a\x00B3ieia\x00B3/ia nii\x00F0\x00B3aeiai\x00B3noue, aea iaa\x00B3oue ia oea, a caeaoi\x00B3noue c\x00F0icoi\x00B3oe iaeia iaeiiai caaaeyee ieneaiith \x00B3 iia\x00B3 a\x00B3ae\x00B3a\x00F0a\x00BA ae\x00F0\x00B3oaeueio \x00F0ieue o aca\x00BAiiiia(ycaiino\x00B3 ethaeae.

ae\x00F0iaeaiiy i\x00B3o\x00B3a, ia\x00F0aciiai a\x00B3aeia\x00F0aaeaiiy na\x00B3oo. I\x00B3oieia\x00B3y yaeea niaith oi\x00F0io noni\x00B3eueii? na\x00B3aeiiino\x00B3, iaaiee niin\x00B3a iiyniaiiy na\x00B3oo \x00B3 i\x00B3noey a iueiio ethaeeie.

An\x00B3 oe\x00B3 ci\x00B3ie i\x00B3aeaiooaaee a\x00F0oio aeey anooio ethaenoaa ia ye\x00B3nii iiaee aoai \x00F0icaeoeo.

2.Aaeee\x00B3 eoeueoo\x00F0e aeaaieie.

Ia oeueiio aoai\x00B3 \x00B3nioaaee 3 aaeee\x00B3 eoeueoo\x00F0e: 1) ooia\x00F0i-aaaeeiinueea, \x00BAaeiaonueea oa aee\x00B3inueea ia Caoiae\x00B3, 2) aeia\x00F0\x00B3enueea eoeueoo\x00F0a \x00B2iaeo, 3) a\x00F0oa?/iee Eeoae. An\x00B3 aiie cieeathoue a inueiaee /an.

Oeae ia\x00F0\x00B3iae aoa ii/aoeii \x00B3noi\x00F0e/iiai \x00F0icaeoeo ethaenoaa. Eiai iiioiaioaeuei\x00B3noue, a\x00F0aiae\x00B3ici\x00B3noue ia iiaee cieeiooe aacne\x00B3aeii - /eneaii\x00B3 a\x00F0oaieia\x00B3/i\x00B3 \x00B3 aeieoiaioaeuei\x00B3 iai’yoee aeiiinyoue aei ian a\x00B3aeiiino\x00B3 i\x00F0i o\x00B3 noie\x00B3ooy.

Na\x00F0aae iiae\x00B3e, ui iaee aecia/aeueia cia/aiiy ia aoai\x00B3 ca\x00F0iaeaeaiiy ethaenueei? \x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3? Ea\x00F0e ssnia\x00F0n iaceaa\x00BA : i\x00F0aai\x00B3caoe\x00B3th \x00B3\x00F0eaaoe\x00B3eii? nenoaie \x00B3 iia’ycaio c iath iaiao\x00B3aei\x00B3noue ae\x00F0iaeaiiy aia\x00F0aoo oi\x00F0aae\x00B3iiy oa aea\x00F0aeaaii? i\x00F0aai\x00B3caoe\x00B3?; iiyao ienaiiino\x00B3, ui aeicaieeei o\x00B3enoaaoe iiaiio\x00F0eiaia ciaiiy \x00B3 ia\x00F0aaeaaaoe eiai; iiyao ia\x00F0iae\x00B3a \x00B3 oi\x00F0ioaaiiy iaoe\x00B3iiaeueieo eoeueoo\x00F0; noaiiaeaiiy na\x00B3oiaeo \x00B3iia\x00F0\x00B3e; aeei\x00F0enoaiiy eiiae - aaeaea aa\x00F0oiee aia\x00F0oa ii/eia\x00BA ona\x00B3aeiiethaaoe iainyaei\x00B3noue i\x00F0inoi\x00F0o, ae\x00F0eaa\x00BAoueny c oiai na\x00F0aaeiaeua, aea a\x00B3i ae\x00F0\x00B3n, i\x00B3cia\x00BA naiaiaeo \x00B3 \x00F0icoe\x00F0th\x00BA ia\x00F0\x00B3? naiai ieneaiiy. Ia\x00F0ao\x00B3ae aei \x00B3noi\x00F0\x00B3? caaacia/o\x00BAoueny \x00B3 ia\x00F0aaeaaaiiyi aeooiaieo iaaeaaiue, \x00F0aoe\x00B3iiae\x00B3caoe\x00B3\x00BAth anueiai iaaeaaiiai ca aeiiiiiaith oaoi\x00B3ee, ae\x00B3yeuei\x00B3noth aeaeaoieo in\x00B3a, ui aenooiathoue c\x00F0aceaie aeey ian \x00B3 \x00F0ooathoue ?o oia\x00F0aae.

“\x00B2noi\x00F0e/iee i\x00F0ioean - oea aacia\x00F0a\x00F0aia ia\x00F0aoai\x00F0aiiy oiia, ciaiiy, ci\x00B3noo a ?o aaciina\x00F0aaeiueiio yaeaii\x00B3, i\x00F0e yeiio iaiao\x00B3aeia a\x00B3aeiioaiiy anueiai aei anueiai, anacaaaeueia eiioi\x00B3eaoe\x00B3y,” - aecia/a\x00BA aaoi\x00F0 . Aea ia aeaiiio aoai\x00B3 oea ia\x00F0aoai\x00F0aiiy eeoa ii/eia\x00BAoueny. Aaeee\x00B3 eoeueoo\x00F0e aeaaieie aoee noaa\x00B3eueieie, noaeeie ooai\x00F0aiiyie, caeeoeaie noa\x00F0iai na\x00B3oo, yeee iaieio/a iaa caaeiooe c ia\x00F0aoiaeii ethaenoaa ia iiao noiaeeieo. A oeae ia\x00F0ao\x00B3ae aaea \x00F0icii/eiaany - oi\x00F0ioaaeany no/ania ethaeeia: iaaoaaee ci\x00B3noo ?? noanoaioe\x00B3aeuei\x00B3 iiaeeeaino\x00B3, i\x00F0eoiaeeei ona\x00B3aeiieaiiy ieiouino\x00B3 anueiai oiui.

Inueiaee /an

A\x00B3aeaoaa\x00BAoueny aaeeeee i\x00F0i\x00F0ea - iinay/aiiy ethaenoaa o oa\x00BAiieoeth iaa\x00B3aeiieo aein\x00B3 iiaeeeainoae.

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