Поняття, принципи і система безготівкових розрахунків, Детальна інформація
Поняття, принципи і система безготівкових розрахунків
Тип документу: Реферат
Сторінок: 12
Предмет: Економіка
Автор: ВалідольщиК
Розмір: 32.7
Скачувань: 1215
Oey oi\x00F0ia aacaio\x00B3aeiaeo \x00F0ic\x00F0aooie\x00B3a canoiniao\x00BAoueny aeey cae\x00B3eniaiiy iiia\x00F0aaeiuei? iieaoe ca io\x00F0eiaiiy iinoaaeaieo oiaa\x00F0\x00B3a, iiaeaieo iineoa. I\x00B3aei\x00F0e\x00BAinoaa ca aeiiiiiaith ieao\x00B3aeieo aei\x00F0o/aiue, aeoeaioiaaieo aaieii, iiaeooue ia\x00F0aeacoaaoe /a\x00F0ac i\x00B3aei\x00F0e\x00BAinoaa ca’yceo iain\x00B3?, ae\x00B3iaioe, ca\x00F0ia\x00B3oith ieaoo, aeo\x00F0aoe ia a\x00B3ae\x00F0yaeaeaiiy, aaoi\x00F0nueeee aiii\x00F0a\x00F0 ie\x00F0aiei a\x00F0iiiaeyiai, a th\x00F0eaee/iei iniaai - ia aeieaoo caieaoe, ca i\x00F0aai\x00B3ciaaiee iaa\x00B3\x00F0 \x00F0ia\x00B3oiee\x00B3a aeey caaio\x00B3ae\x00B3 n\x00B3euenueeiainiiaea\x00F0nueei? i\x00F0iaeoeoe\x00B3? o ianaeaieo ioieoao, aea iaia\x00BA aaie\x00B3a.
Aei\x00F0o/aiiy aaie i\x00F0eeia\x00BA aei aeeiiaiiy o\x00B3eueee a noi\x00B3, yea iiaea aooe niea/aia ca iayaieie aai acyoeie o e\x00F0aaeeo eiooaie. Iacaeaaeii a\x00B3ae iayaiino\x00B3 eioo\x00B3a ia \x00F0aooieo ee\x00B3\x00BAioa aaie i\x00F0eia\x00BA aei\x00F0o/aiiy ia ia\x00F0a\x00F0aooaaiiy eioo\x00B3a o aeioiaee athaeaeao\x00B3a \x00B3 ia a\x00B3ae\x00F0aooaaiiy ieaoaae\x00B3a iiaeaoeiaiai oa\x00F0aeoa\x00F0o aei aea\x00F0aeaaieo oe\x00B3eueiaeo oiiae\x00B3a, aeiaaath/e a\x00B3ae\x00F0aooaaiiy ia oo\x00F0eiaiiy aei\x00F0\x00B3a.
On\x00B3 i\x00F0ei\x00B3\x00F0ieee ieao\x00B3aeieo aei\x00F0o/aiue iathoue aooe ynii \x00B3 /\x00B3oei ioi\x00F0ieai\x00B3. Aei\x00F0o/aiiy i\x00F0eeiathoueny aei aeeiiaiiy aaieaie i\x00F0ioyaii 10 eaeaiaea\x00F0ieo aei\x00B3a c aeiy aeienee. Aeaiue caiiaiaiiy ieao\x00B3aeiiai aei\x00F0o/aiiy ia a\x00F0aoiao\x00BAoueny.
Aei\x00F0o/aiiy canoiniaothoueny oaeiae i\x00F0e \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieao o ii\x00F0yaeeo ieaiiaeo ieaoaae\x00B3a ia i\x00B3aenoaa\x00B3 aeiaiai\x00F0\x00B3a oa oaiae \x00F0\x00B3aiii\x00B3\x00F0ieo \x00B3 iino\x00B3eieo iinoaaeao i\x00B3ae iinoa/aeueieeaie \x00B3 iieoioeyie.
I\x00F0e \x00F0\x00B3aiii\x00F0aaieo \x00B3 iino\x00B3eieo iinoaaeao oiaa\x00F0\x00B3a (iaaeaii\x00B3 iineoa) \x00F0ic\x00F0aooiee i\x00B3ae iinoa/aeueieeaie \x00B3 iieoioeyie iiaeooue cae\x00B3enithaaoeny aei\x00F0o/aiiyie, ia\x00F0\x00B3iaee/iei ia\x00F0a\x00F0aooaaiiyi eioo\x00B3a o no\x00F0iee \x00B3 a \x00F0ici\x00B3\x00F0ao, iaoiiaeaieo o aeiaiai\x00F0ao.
O aeainoi\x00F0iiiueiio aeiaiai\x00F0\x00B3 ia\x00F0aaeaa/athoueny \x00F0ici\x00B3\x00F0 oa no\x00F0iee ia\x00F0a\x00F0aooaaiiy eioo\x00B3a, ia\x00F0aiaee/i\x00B3noue caa\x00F0iaiiy \x00F0ic\x00F0aooie\x00B3a \x00B3 ii\x00F0yaeie i\x00F0iaaaeaiiy e\x00B3ioeaaiai \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieo iieoioeai. Inoai\x00B3e ieao\x00B3ae ca aeiaiai\x00F0ii, ye i\x00F0aaeei, ia\x00BA a\x00F0aooaaoe aca\x00BAiio caai\x00F0aiaai\x00B3noue i\x00B3ae iinoa/aeueieeii \x00B3 iieoioeai.
\x00D0ic\x00F0aooiee ieao\x00B3aeieie aei\x00F0o/aiiyie aein\x00B3oue i\x00F0ino\x00B3 \x00B3 c\x00F0o/i\x00B3. \x00AFoi\x00B3i iaaeinoaoeii \x00BA a\x00B3aeno\x00B3i\x00B3noue iiaii? aa\x00F0aio\x00B3? ieaoaaeo iinoa/aeueieeo.
2) Ieao\x00B3aei\x00B3 aeiiae-aei\x00F0o/aiiy.
Ieao\x00B3aeia aeiiaa-aei\x00F0o/aiiy - \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieiaee aeieoiaio, ui i\x00B3noeoue: ii-ia\x00F0oa, aeiiao iinoa/aeueieea (iaea\x00F0aeoaa/a eioo\x00B3a) aei iieoioey (ieaoieea) ia i\x00B3aenoaa\x00B3 iaae\x00B3neaieo eiio (iieoioeaa\x00B3), iaieiath/e aaie, aeieoiaio\x00B3a iieaoeoe aa\x00F0o\x00B3noue a\x00B3aeaaioaaeaieo oiaa\x00F0\x00B3a, aeeiiaieo \x00F0ia\x00B3o \x00B3 iaaeaieo iineoa; ii-ae\x00F0oaa, aei\x00F0o/aiiy iieoioey (ieaoieea) nai\x00BAio aaieia\x00B3 iieaoeoe aeacai\x00B3 aeieoiaioe, ia\x00F0a\x00F0aooaaoe a\x00B3aeiia\x00B3aeio a\x00F0ioiao noio iinoa/aeueieeia\x00B3. Ioaea, ieao\x00B3aeia aeiiaa-aei\x00F0o/aiiy \x00BA iaea\x00B3eueoei \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieiaei aeieoiaioii, yeee neeaaea\x00BAoueny c aeaio /anoei, eiaeia c yeeo a\x00B3aeia\x00F0aaea\x00BA niaoeeo\x00B3eo aeaio \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieiaeo aeieoiaio\x00B3a:
— aa\x00F0oiy /anoeia - iniaeeaino\x00B3 ieao\x00B3aeii? aeiiae;
— ieaeiy /anoeia - iniaeeaino\x00B3 ieao\x00B3aeiiai aei\x00F0o/aiiy.
Aeiiaa-aei\x00F0o/aiiy caiiaith\x00BAoueny iaea\x00F0aeoaa/ai eioo\x00B3a \x00B3 iaaeneea\x00BAoueny aaciina\x00F0aaeiuei ieaoieeia\x00B3. Aeinoaaeo ieao\x00B3aeieo aeiia-aei\x00F0o/aiue aei ieaoieea iiaea cae\x00B3enithaaoe aaie iaea\x00F0aeoaa/a /a\x00F0ac aaie ieaoieea.
C iaoith caaacia/aiiy aa\x00F0aioiaaii? i\x00F0enei\x00F0aii? aeinoaaee ieaoieeai aeiia-aei\x00F0o/aiue aai ia\x00F0aaeathoueny o eiiieaeo\x00B3 c \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieiaeie oa a\x00B3aeaaioaaeoaaeueieie aeieoiaioaie ca iinoaaeo ca\x00B3aeii c aeiaiai\x00F0ii (oaiaeith) i\x00F0iaeoeoe\x00B3th (aeeiiaii\x00B3 \x00F0iaioe, iaaeai\x00B3 iineoae, oiui).
Ieaoiee, io\x00F0eiaaoe ieao\x00B3aeio aeiiao-aei\x00F0o/aiiy oa \x00B3io\x00B3 iaoiiaeai\x00B3 oaiaeith aeieoiaioe, i\x00F0e caiae\x00B3 iieaoeoe ?? iiai\x00B3noth aai /anoeiai caea\x00BA aeiiao-aei\x00F0o/aiiy a onoaiiao aaieo, ui eiai ianeoaiao\x00BA. I\x00B3ney oeueiai aeoeaioiaaia ca ieao\x00B3aeiith aeiiaith-aei\x00F0o/aiiyi noia ia\x00F0a\x00F0aoiao\x00BAoueny c \x00F0aooiea ieaoieea ia \x00F0aooiie iinoa/aeueieea. No\x00F0ie, i\x00F0ioyaii yeiai ieaoiee iiaeiai iiaeaoe a na\x00B3e aaie aeoeaioiaai\x00B3 ieao\x00B3aei\x00B3 aeiiae-aei\x00F0o/aiiy, aecia/a\x00BAoueny naiino\x00B3eii noi\x00F0iiaie a oaiae\x00B3 \x00B3 aaieii ia eiio\x00F0ieth\x00BAoueny. O aeiaiai\x00F0\x00B3 iiaea aooe ia\x00F0aaeaa/aia a\x00B3aeiia\x00B3aeaeuei\x00B3noue ieaoieea ca iaa/ania iiaeaiiy a aaie aeey iieaoe ieao\x00B3aeii? aeiiae-aei\x00F0o/aiiy.
Ieaoiee caea\x00BA a aaie ieaeith /anoeio aeiiae-aei\x00F0o/aiiy.
Aaie i\x00F0eeia\x00BA aei nieaoe ieao\x00B3aeio aeiiao-aei\x00F0o/aiiy a noi\x00B3, yea iiaea aooe niea/aia ca iayaieie eiooaie ia \x00F0aooieo ieaoieea. I\x00F0e a\x00B3aenooiino\x00B3 aeinoaoi\x00B3o eioo\x00B3a ia \x00F0aooieo ieaoieea ieao\x00B3aeia aeiiaa-aei\x00F0o/aiiy iiaa\x00F0oa\x00BAoueny aac aeeiiaiiy.
O \x00F0ac\x00B3 a\x00B3aeiiae ieaoieea nieaoeoe aeiiao-aei\x00F0o/aiiy a\x00B3i iia\x00B3aeiiey\x00BA i\x00F0i iioeae a\x00B3aeiiae aaciina\x00F0aaeiuei iaeaaeoaa/aa\x00B3 eioo\x00B3a o ii\x00F0yaeeo \x00B3 no\x00F0iee, cacia/ai\x00B3 a aeiaiai\x00F0\x00B3.
Ii\x00F0yaeie nieaoe, no\x00F0iee i\x00F0ioiaeaeaiiy aeieoiaio\x00B3a i\x00B3ae iieoioeai \x00B3 ieaoieeii aecia/athoueny noi\x00F0iiaie ainiiaea\x00F0nueeeo a\x00B3aeiinei o nai?o aeiaiai\x00F0ao. Aaie ia ao\x00F0o/a\x00BAoueny a oeae i\x00F0ioean. Oea aea\x00B3aeii aeey aaiea, ai a\x00B3i aeeiio\x00BA o\x00B3eueee aei\x00F0o/aiiy naiai ee\x00B3\x00BAioa. sseui ieaoieeo iaiao\x00B3aeii c\x00F0iaeoe ieao\x00B3ae oa\x00F0i\x00B3iiai, a\x00B3i ia aeieoiaio\x00B3 \x00F0iaeoue iii\x00B3oeo - oaeaa\x00F0aoii. Ine\x00B3eueee aeo\x00F0aoe niea/othoueny ee\x00B3\x00BAioii, aaie aac caia\x00F0a/aiue aeeiio\x00BA eiai aei\x00F0o/aiiy.
Ia iith aeoieo, naia oey i\x00F0aaiaa oi\x00F0ia \x00F0ic\x00F0aooie\x00B3a iaeiaae\x00B3ei\x00B3oa aeey i\x00B3aei\x00F0e\x00BAiieoeueeeo noinoie\x00B3a \x00B3 iaeii/anii aeey aaieo. Ni\x00F0aaa ia a oiio, ui aeaie, \x00F0ic\x00F0iaeaiiee aaieii neeaaea\x00BAoueny c aeaio /anoei, a oiio, ui aeienaia aeiiaa ia iieaoo ia iiaea\x00BAoueny a aaie iiia\x00F0aaeiuei, ai oea caae\x00F0a\x00BA /an, a iiaea\x00BAoueny aaciina\x00F0aaeiuei ieaoieeo-iieoioeaa\x00B3. Aaie\x00B3anuee\x00B3 i\x00F0aaeea \x00F0aeiiaiaeothoue aeey i\x00F0enei\x00F0aiiy aeinoaaee aeiia-aei\x00F0o/aiue ieaoieeai ia\x00F0aaeaaaoe ?o o eiiieaeo\x00B3 \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieiaeo oa \x00F0icaaioaaeoaaeueieo aeieoiaio\x00B3a ca iinoaaeaio i\x00F0iaeoeoe\x00B3th, aeeiiai\x00B3 \x00F0iaioe oa iaaeai\x00B3 iineoae, ia\x00F0aaeaa/ai\x00B3 aeiaiai\x00F0ii.
Iiceoeaiei iiiaioii aeaii? oi\x00F0ie aacaio\x00B3aeiaeo \x00F0ic\x00F0aooie\x00B3a \x00BA oa, ui i\x00F0e aeei\x00F0enoaii\x00B3 aeiia-aei\x00F0o/aiue i\x00B3aeaeuo\x00BAoueny a\x00B3aeiia\x00B3aeaeuei\x00B3noue noa’\x00BAeo\x00B3a \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieiaeo a\x00B3aeiinei ca i\x00F0aai\x00B3caoe\x00B3th \x00F0ic\x00F0aooie\x00B3a o ca’yceo c oei, ui \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieia\x00B3 aeieoiaioe ia\x00F0aneeathoueny iinoa/aeueieeii ieaoieea, iaieiath/e aaie. I\x00F0ioa, iacaaaeath/e ia ia\x00F0aaaae \x00F0ic\x00F0aooie\x00B3a ieao\x00B3aeieie aeiiaaie-aei\x00F0o/aiiyie, oey oi\x00F0ia aacaio\x00B3aeiaeo \x00F0ic\x00F0aooie\x00B3a \x00BA iaeiiioe\x00F0aiith.
Iaaeie\x00B3eii \x00F0ic\x00F0aooie\x00B3a ca aeiiiiiaith ieao\x00B3aeieo aeiia-aei\x00F0o/aiue \x00BA a\x00B3aenooi\x00B3noue aa\x00F0io\x00B3? ieaoaaeo. Iaa/ania iieaoa \x00F0aooie\x00B3a ieaoieeaie, a\x00B3aeiiae a\x00B3ae aeoeaioo niia\x00B3eueith\x00BA \x00F0oo a\x00F0ioiaeo eioo\x00B3a.
3) *aee
*ae , ye oi\x00F0ia aacaio\x00B3aeiaiai \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieo ia\x00BA oe\x00F0iea \x00F0iciianthaeaeaiiy, ye o iao\x00B3e, oae \x00B3 o na\x00B3oia\x00B3e i\x00F0aeoeoe\x00B3. Aeey /\x00B3oeiai c’ynoaaiiy aca\x00BAiia\x00B3aeiinei /aea \x00B3 aeecueeeo eiio \x00B3inoeooo\x00B3a iaiao\x00B3aeii c’ynoaaoe th\x00F0eaee/io i\x00F0e\x00F0iaeo /aea. A caeaaeiino\x00B3 a\x00B3ae oiai, ye aoaeo\x00BAoueny th\x00F0eaee/ia i\x00F0e\x00F0iaea /aea, /aeia\x00B3 caeiiiaeaanoaa \x00F0\x00B3cieo e\x00F0a?i iiaeia \x00F0icaeoe ia o\x00F0e a\x00F0oie. Aei ia\x00F0oi? a\x00F0oie a\x00B3aeiineoueny caeiiiaeaanoaa aiae\x00B3enueeiai oeio, aei ae\x00F0oai? - o\x00F0aioeocueeiai, \x00B3 aei o\x00F0aouei? - i\x00B3iaoeueeiai. Caeiiiaeaanoai aiae\x00B3enueeai oeio (aiae\x00B3enueeee caeii 1882\x00F0., caeiie NANO) \x00F0icaeyaeathoue /ae ye aeae ia\x00F0aa\x00B3aeiiai aaenaey. Oeueiio ni\x00F0eythoue iniaeeaino\x00B3 aiae\x00B3enueeiai aaenaeueiiai i\x00F0aaa, yea, ii-ia\x00F0oa aeiionea\x00BA aaenaey ia i\x00F0aae’yaieea \x00B3, ii-ae\x00F0oaa, ia aeiaaa\x00BA aaenaeueii? i\x00B3oee. Oaeei /eiii, iiaeeeai aecia/eoe /ae ye ia\x00F0aa\x00B3aeiee aaenaeue, ui niea/o\x00BAoueny ii i\x00F0aae’yaeaii\x00B3 \x00B3 o\x00F0an\x00B3\x00F0iaaiee ia aaie\x00B3\x00F0a (no.73 aiae\x00B3enueeiai aaenaeueiiai caeiio 1882\x00F0.).
O\x00F0aioeocueea eiinoeoooe\x00B3y /aea, aeoiaeeoue c oiai, ui aeaea/a /aea, a oaeiae iiaeaeueoa eiai ia\x00F0aaea/a yaey\x00BA niaith ia\x00F0aaea/o i\x00F0aa ia iie\x00F0eooy, ui ciaoiaeeoueny o ieaoieea. Oey eiino\x00F0oeoe\x00B3y \x00BA o\x00F0aaeeoe\x00B3eiith ye a o\x00F0aioeocuee\x00B3e noaeia\x00B3e i\x00F0aeoeoe\x00B3, oae \x00B3 a th\x00F0eaee/i\x00B3e iaooe\x00B3. O\x00F0aioeocueea eiinoeoooe\x00B3y, yeui \x00B3 ia \x00F0icaeyaea\x00BA /ae ye aeae aaenaey, oi ana ae cia/ii caeeaeo\x00BA oe\x00B3 aeaa \x00B3inoeoooa, oae ye oai\x00F0\x00B3y ia\x00F0aaea/\x00B3 i\x00F0aa ia iie\x00F0eooy caiice/aia c aaenaeueiiai i\x00F0aaa.
A I\x00B3ia//ei\x00B3 aiae\x00B3c iieiaeaiue i\x00B3iaoeueeiai /aeiaiai caeiio, a oaeiae \x00B3ioeo caeii\x00B3a, iiaoaeiaaieo ii oeueiio oeio, i\x00F0eaiaeeoue aei oai\x00F0\x00B3? iiaea\x00B3eiiai iiaiiaaaeaiiy, yea iaio\x00BA a i\x00B3iaoeueeee th\x00F0eaee/i\x00B3e iaooe\x00B3. C oi/ee ci\x00F0o oe\x00B3\x00BA? eiino\x00F0oeoe\x00B3? /ae yaey\x00BA niaith, ii-ia\x00F0oa, oiiaiiaaaeaiiy /aeiaeaaoeai ieaoieea cae\x00B3enieoe ieao\x00B3ae /aeiaea\x00F0aeaoaeth ca \x00F0aooiie /aeiaeaaoey \x00B3, ii-ae\x00F0oaa, oiiaiiaaaeaiiy /aeiaeaaoeai /aeiaea\x00F0aeaoaey io\x00F0eiaoe ieao\x00B3ae ca \x00F0aooiie /aeiaeaaoey.
Oe\x00F0a?inueea caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai aecia/a\x00BA /ae - ye a\x00F0ioiaee aeieoiaio anoaiiaeaii? oi\x00F0ie, ui i\x00B3noeoue aaccaia\x00F0a/ia ienueiiaa \x00F0icii\x00F0yaeaeaiiy aeanieea \x00F0aooiea (ee\x00B3\x00BAioa) aaieia\x00B3, yeee ianeoaiao\x00BA eiai, nieaoeoe iaaio noio a\x00F0ioae i\x00F0aae’yaieeia\x00B3 /aea aai \x00B3io\x00B3e aeacai\x00B3e o /aeo inia\x00B3. *ae \x00BA \x00B3ino\x00F0oiaioii \x00F0icii\x00F0yaeaeaiiy eiooaie, ui \x00BA ia \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieiaiio \x00F0aooieo.
I\x00F0e \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieao /aeaie aeieeathoue aeiiii\x00B3/i\x00B3 a\x00B3aeiineie i\x00B3ae o\x00F0ueiia noa’\x00BAeoaie. Oea:
— /aeiaea\x00F0aeaoaeue - th\x00F0eaee/ia aai o\x00B3ce/ia iniaa, yea io\x00F0eio\x00BA eiooe ca /aeaie;
— aaie-ai\x00B3oaio - aaie, ui aeaea\x00BA /aeiao eieaeeo (\x00F0ic\x00F0aooieiaee /ae) i\x00B3aei\x00F0e\x00BAinoao aai o\x00B3ce/i\x00B3e inia\x00B3 \x00B3 aaaea ?oi\x00B3 \x00F0aooiee.
Aei\x00F0o/aiiy aaie i\x00F0eeia\x00BA aei aeeiiaiiy o\x00B3eueee a noi\x00B3, yea iiaea aooe niea/aia ca iayaieie aai acyoeie o e\x00F0aaeeo eiooaie. Iacaeaaeii a\x00B3ae iayaiino\x00B3 eioo\x00B3a ia \x00F0aooieo ee\x00B3\x00BAioa aaie i\x00F0eia\x00BA aei\x00F0o/aiiy ia ia\x00F0a\x00F0aooaaiiy eioo\x00B3a o aeioiaee athaeaeao\x00B3a \x00B3 ia a\x00B3ae\x00F0aooaaiiy ieaoaae\x00B3a iiaeaoeiaiai oa\x00F0aeoa\x00F0o aei aea\x00F0aeaaieo oe\x00B3eueiaeo oiiae\x00B3a, aeiaaath/e a\x00B3ae\x00F0aooaaiiy ia oo\x00F0eiaiiy aei\x00F0\x00B3a.
On\x00B3 i\x00F0ei\x00B3\x00F0ieee ieao\x00B3aeieo aei\x00F0o/aiue iathoue aooe ynii \x00B3 /\x00B3oei ioi\x00F0ieai\x00B3. Aei\x00F0o/aiiy i\x00F0eeiathoueny aei aeeiiaiiy aaieaie i\x00F0ioyaii 10 eaeaiaea\x00F0ieo aei\x00B3a c aeiy aeienee. Aeaiue caiiaiaiiy ieao\x00B3aeiiai aei\x00F0o/aiiy ia a\x00F0aoiao\x00BAoueny.
Aei\x00F0o/aiiy canoiniaothoueny oaeiae i\x00F0e \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieao o ii\x00F0yaeeo ieaiiaeo ieaoaae\x00B3a ia i\x00B3aenoaa\x00B3 aeiaiai\x00F0\x00B3a oa oaiae \x00F0\x00B3aiii\x00B3\x00F0ieo \x00B3 iino\x00B3eieo iinoaaeao i\x00B3ae iinoa/aeueieeaie \x00B3 iieoioeyie.
I\x00F0e \x00F0\x00B3aiii\x00F0aaieo \x00B3 iino\x00B3eieo iinoaaeao oiaa\x00F0\x00B3a (iaaeaii\x00B3 iineoa) \x00F0ic\x00F0aooiee i\x00B3ae iinoa/aeueieeaie \x00B3 iieoioeyie iiaeooue cae\x00B3enithaaoeny aei\x00F0o/aiiyie, ia\x00F0\x00B3iaee/iei ia\x00F0a\x00F0aooaaiiyi eioo\x00B3a o no\x00F0iee \x00B3 a \x00F0ici\x00B3\x00F0ao, iaoiiaeaieo o aeiaiai\x00F0ao.
O aeainoi\x00F0iiiueiio aeiaiai\x00F0\x00B3 ia\x00F0aaeaa/athoueny \x00F0ici\x00B3\x00F0 oa no\x00F0iee ia\x00F0a\x00F0aooaaiiy eioo\x00B3a, ia\x00F0aiaee/i\x00B3noue caa\x00F0iaiiy \x00F0ic\x00F0aooie\x00B3a \x00B3 ii\x00F0yaeie i\x00F0iaaaeaiiy e\x00B3ioeaaiai \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieo iieoioeai. Inoai\x00B3e ieao\x00B3ae ca aeiaiai\x00F0ii, ye i\x00F0aaeei, ia\x00BA a\x00F0aooaaoe aca\x00BAiio caai\x00F0aiaai\x00B3noue i\x00B3ae iinoa/aeueieeii \x00B3 iieoioeai.
\x00D0ic\x00F0aooiee ieao\x00B3aeieie aei\x00F0o/aiiyie aein\x00B3oue i\x00F0ino\x00B3 \x00B3 c\x00F0o/i\x00B3. \x00AFoi\x00B3i iaaeinoaoeii \x00BA a\x00B3aeno\x00B3i\x00B3noue iiaii? aa\x00F0aio\x00B3? ieaoaaeo iinoa/aeueieeo.
2) Ieao\x00B3aei\x00B3 aeiiae-aei\x00F0o/aiiy.
Ieao\x00B3aeia aeiiaa-aei\x00F0o/aiiy - \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieiaee aeieoiaio, ui i\x00B3noeoue: ii-ia\x00F0oa, aeiiao iinoa/aeueieea (iaea\x00F0aeoaa/a eioo\x00B3a) aei iieoioey (ieaoieea) ia i\x00B3aenoaa\x00B3 iaae\x00B3neaieo eiio (iieoioeaa\x00B3), iaieiath/e aaie, aeieoiaio\x00B3a iieaoeoe aa\x00F0o\x00B3noue a\x00B3aeaaioaaeaieo oiaa\x00F0\x00B3a, aeeiiaieo \x00F0ia\x00B3o \x00B3 iaaeaieo iineoa; ii-ae\x00F0oaa, aei\x00F0o/aiiy iieoioey (ieaoieea) nai\x00BAio aaieia\x00B3 iieaoeoe aeacai\x00B3 aeieoiaioe, ia\x00F0a\x00F0aooaaoe a\x00B3aeiia\x00B3aeio a\x00F0ioiao noio iinoa/aeueieeia\x00B3. Ioaea, ieao\x00B3aeia aeiiaa-aei\x00F0o/aiiy \x00BA iaea\x00B3eueoei \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieiaei aeieoiaioii, yeee neeaaea\x00BAoueny c aeaio /anoei, eiaeia c yeeo a\x00B3aeia\x00F0aaea\x00BA niaoeeo\x00B3eo aeaio \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieiaeo aeieoiaio\x00B3a:
— aa\x00F0oiy /anoeia - iniaeeaino\x00B3 ieao\x00B3aeii? aeiiae;
— ieaeiy /anoeia - iniaeeaino\x00B3 ieao\x00B3aeiiai aei\x00F0o/aiiy.
Aeiiaa-aei\x00F0o/aiiy caiiaith\x00BAoueny iaea\x00F0aeoaa/ai eioo\x00B3a \x00B3 iaaeneea\x00BAoueny aaciina\x00F0aaeiuei ieaoieeia\x00B3. Aeinoaaeo ieao\x00B3aeieo aeiia-aei\x00F0o/aiue aei ieaoieea iiaea cae\x00B3enithaaoe aaie iaea\x00F0aeoaa/a /a\x00F0ac aaie ieaoieea.
C iaoith caaacia/aiiy aa\x00F0aioiaaii? i\x00F0enei\x00F0aii? aeinoaaee ieaoieeai aeiia-aei\x00F0o/aiue aai ia\x00F0aaeathoueny o eiiieaeo\x00B3 c \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieiaeie oa a\x00B3aeaaioaaeoaaeueieie aeieoiaioaie ca iinoaaeo ca\x00B3aeii c aeiaiai\x00F0ii (oaiaeith) i\x00F0iaeoeoe\x00B3th (aeeiiaii\x00B3 \x00F0iaioe, iaaeai\x00B3 iineoae, oiui).
Ieaoiee, io\x00F0eiaaoe ieao\x00B3aeio aeiiao-aei\x00F0o/aiiy oa \x00B3io\x00B3 iaoiiaeai\x00B3 oaiaeith aeieoiaioe, i\x00F0e caiae\x00B3 iieaoeoe ?? iiai\x00B3noth aai /anoeiai caea\x00BA aeiiao-aei\x00F0o/aiiy a onoaiiao aaieo, ui eiai ianeoaiao\x00BA. I\x00B3ney oeueiai aeoeaioiaaia ca ieao\x00B3aeiith aeiiaith-aei\x00F0o/aiiyi noia ia\x00F0a\x00F0aoiao\x00BAoueny c \x00F0aooiea ieaoieea ia \x00F0aooiie iinoa/aeueieea. No\x00F0ie, i\x00F0ioyaii yeiai ieaoiee iiaeiai iiaeaoe a na\x00B3e aaie aeoeaioiaai\x00B3 ieao\x00B3aei\x00B3 aeiiae-aei\x00F0o/aiiy, aecia/a\x00BAoueny naiino\x00B3eii noi\x00F0iiaie a oaiae\x00B3 \x00B3 aaieii ia eiio\x00F0ieth\x00BAoueny. O aeiaiai\x00F0\x00B3 iiaea aooe ia\x00F0aaeaa/aia a\x00B3aeiia\x00B3aeaeuei\x00B3noue ieaoieea ca iaa/ania iiaeaiiy a aaie aeey iieaoe ieao\x00B3aeii? aeiiae-aei\x00F0o/aiiy.
Ieaoiee caea\x00BA a aaie ieaeith /anoeio aeiiae-aei\x00F0o/aiiy.
Aaie i\x00F0eeia\x00BA aei nieaoe ieao\x00B3aeio aeiiao-aei\x00F0o/aiiy a noi\x00B3, yea iiaea aooe niea/aia ca iayaieie eiooaie ia \x00F0aooieo ieaoieea. I\x00F0e a\x00B3aenooiino\x00B3 aeinoaoi\x00B3o eioo\x00B3a ia \x00F0aooieo ieaoieea ieao\x00B3aeia aeiiaa-aei\x00F0o/aiiy iiaa\x00F0oa\x00BAoueny aac aeeiiaiiy.
O \x00F0ac\x00B3 a\x00B3aeiiae ieaoieea nieaoeoe aeiiao-aei\x00F0o/aiiy a\x00B3i iia\x00B3aeiiey\x00BA i\x00F0i iioeae a\x00B3aeiiae aaciina\x00F0aaeiuei iaeaaeoaa/aa\x00B3 eioo\x00B3a o ii\x00F0yaeeo \x00B3 no\x00F0iee, cacia/ai\x00B3 a aeiaiai\x00F0\x00B3.
Ii\x00F0yaeie nieaoe, no\x00F0iee i\x00F0ioiaeaeaiiy aeieoiaio\x00B3a i\x00B3ae iieoioeai \x00B3 ieaoieeii aecia/athoueny noi\x00F0iiaie ainiiaea\x00F0nueeeo a\x00B3aeiinei o nai?o aeiaiai\x00F0ao. Aaie ia ao\x00F0o/a\x00BAoueny a oeae i\x00F0ioean. Oea aea\x00B3aeii aeey aaiea, ai a\x00B3i aeeiio\x00BA o\x00B3eueee aei\x00F0o/aiiy naiai ee\x00B3\x00BAioa. sseui ieaoieeo iaiao\x00B3aeii c\x00F0iaeoe ieao\x00B3ae oa\x00F0i\x00B3iiai, a\x00B3i ia aeieoiaio\x00B3 \x00F0iaeoue iii\x00B3oeo - oaeaa\x00F0aoii. Ine\x00B3eueee aeo\x00F0aoe niea/othoueny ee\x00B3\x00BAioii, aaie aac caia\x00F0a/aiue aeeiio\x00BA eiai aei\x00F0o/aiiy.
Ia iith aeoieo, naia oey i\x00F0aaiaa oi\x00F0ia \x00F0ic\x00F0aooie\x00B3a iaeiaae\x00B3ei\x00B3oa aeey i\x00B3aei\x00F0e\x00BAiieoeueeeo noinoie\x00B3a \x00B3 iaeii/anii aeey aaieo. Ni\x00F0aaa ia a oiio, ui aeaie, \x00F0ic\x00F0iaeaiiee aaieii neeaaea\x00BAoueny c aeaio /anoei, a oiio, ui aeienaia aeiiaa ia iieaoo ia iiaea\x00BAoueny a aaie iiia\x00F0aaeiuei, ai oea caae\x00F0a\x00BA /an, a iiaea\x00BAoueny aaciina\x00F0aaeiuei ieaoieeo-iieoioeaa\x00B3. Aaie\x00B3anuee\x00B3 i\x00F0aaeea \x00F0aeiiaiaeothoue aeey i\x00F0enei\x00F0aiiy aeinoaaee aeiia-aei\x00F0o/aiue ieaoieeai ia\x00F0aaeaaaoe ?o o eiiieaeo\x00B3 \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieiaeo oa \x00F0icaaioaaeoaaeueieo aeieoiaio\x00B3a ca iinoaaeaio i\x00F0iaeoeoe\x00B3th, aeeiiai\x00B3 \x00F0iaioe oa iaaeai\x00B3 iineoae, ia\x00F0aaeaa/ai\x00B3 aeiaiai\x00F0ii.
Iiceoeaiei iiiaioii aeaii? oi\x00F0ie aacaio\x00B3aeiaeo \x00F0ic\x00F0aooie\x00B3a \x00BA oa, ui i\x00F0e aeei\x00F0enoaii\x00B3 aeiia-aei\x00F0o/aiue i\x00B3aeaeuo\x00BAoueny a\x00B3aeiia\x00B3aeaeuei\x00B3noue noa’\x00BAeo\x00B3a \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieiaeo a\x00B3aeiinei ca i\x00F0aai\x00B3caoe\x00B3th \x00F0ic\x00F0aooie\x00B3a o ca’yceo c oei, ui \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieia\x00B3 aeieoiaioe ia\x00F0aneeathoueny iinoa/aeueieeii ieaoieea, iaieiath/e aaie. I\x00F0ioa, iacaaaeath/e ia ia\x00F0aaaae \x00F0ic\x00F0aooie\x00B3a ieao\x00B3aeieie aeiiaaie-aei\x00F0o/aiiyie, oey oi\x00F0ia aacaio\x00B3aeiaeo \x00F0ic\x00F0aooie\x00B3a \x00BA iaeiiioe\x00F0aiith.
Iaaeie\x00B3eii \x00F0ic\x00F0aooie\x00B3a ca aeiiiiiaith ieao\x00B3aeieo aeiia-aei\x00F0o/aiue \x00BA a\x00B3aenooi\x00B3noue aa\x00F0io\x00B3? ieaoaaeo. Iaa/ania iieaoa \x00F0aooie\x00B3a ieaoieeaie, a\x00B3aeiiae a\x00B3ae aeoeaioo niia\x00B3eueith\x00BA \x00F0oo a\x00F0ioiaeo eioo\x00B3a.
3) *aee
*ae , ye oi\x00F0ia aacaio\x00B3aeiaiai \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieo ia\x00BA oe\x00F0iea \x00F0iciianthaeaeaiiy, ye o iao\x00B3e, oae \x00B3 o na\x00B3oia\x00B3e i\x00F0aeoeoe\x00B3. Aeey /\x00B3oeiai c’ynoaaiiy aca\x00BAiia\x00B3aeiinei /aea \x00B3 aeecueeeo eiio \x00B3inoeooo\x00B3a iaiao\x00B3aeii c’ynoaaoe th\x00F0eaee/io i\x00F0e\x00F0iaeo /aea. A caeaaeiino\x00B3 a\x00B3ae oiai, ye aoaeo\x00BAoueny th\x00F0eaee/ia i\x00F0e\x00F0iaea /aea, /aeia\x00B3 caeiiiaeaanoaa \x00F0\x00B3cieo e\x00F0a?i iiaeia \x00F0icaeoe ia o\x00F0e a\x00F0oie. Aei ia\x00F0oi? a\x00F0oie a\x00B3aeiineoueny caeiiiaeaanoaa aiae\x00B3enueeiai oeio, aei ae\x00F0oai? - o\x00F0aioeocueeiai, \x00B3 aei o\x00F0aouei? - i\x00B3iaoeueeiai. Caeiiiaeaanoai aiae\x00B3enueeai oeio (aiae\x00B3enueeee caeii 1882\x00F0., caeiie NANO) \x00F0icaeyaeathoue /ae ye aeae ia\x00F0aa\x00B3aeiiai aaenaey. Oeueiio ni\x00F0eythoue iniaeeaino\x00B3 aiae\x00B3enueeiai aaenaeueiiai i\x00F0aaa, yea, ii-ia\x00F0oa aeiionea\x00BA aaenaey ia i\x00F0aae’yaieea \x00B3, ii-ae\x00F0oaa, ia aeiaaa\x00BA aaenaeueii? i\x00B3oee. Oaeei /eiii, iiaeeeai aecia/eoe /ae ye ia\x00F0aa\x00B3aeiee aaenaeue, ui niea/o\x00BAoueny ii i\x00F0aae’yaeaii\x00B3 \x00B3 o\x00F0an\x00B3\x00F0iaaiee ia aaie\x00B3\x00F0a (no.73 aiae\x00B3enueeiai aaenaeueiiai caeiio 1882\x00F0.).
O\x00F0aioeocueea eiinoeoooe\x00B3y /aea, aeoiaeeoue c oiai, ui aeaea/a /aea, a oaeiae iiaeaeueoa eiai ia\x00F0aaea/a yaey\x00BA niaith ia\x00F0aaea/o i\x00F0aa ia iie\x00F0eooy, ui ciaoiaeeoueny o ieaoieea. Oey eiino\x00F0oeoe\x00B3y \x00BA o\x00F0aaeeoe\x00B3eiith ye a o\x00F0aioeocuee\x00B3e noaeia\x00B3e i\x00F0aeoeoe\x00B3, oae \x00B3 a th\x00F0eaee/i\x00B3e iaooe\x00B3. O\x00F0aioeocueea eiinoeoooe\x00B3y, yeui \x00B3 ia \x00F0icaeyaea\x00BA /ae ye aeae aaenaey, oi ana ae cia/ii caeeaeo\x00BA oe\x00B3 aeaa \x00B3inoeoooa, oae ye oai\x00F0\x00B3y ia\x00F0aaea/\x00B3 i\x00F0aa ia iie\x00F0eooy caiice/aia c aaenaeueiiai i\x00F0aaa.
A I\x00B3ia//ei\x00B3 aiae\x00B3c iieiaeaiue i\x00B3iaoeueeiai /aeiaiai caeiio, a oaeiae \x00B3ioeo caeii\x00B3a, iiaoaeiaaieo ii oeueiio oeio, i\x00F0eaiaeeoue aei oai\x00F0\x00B3? iiaea\x00B3eiiai iiaiiaaaeaiiy, yea iaio\x00BA a i\x00B3iaoeueeee th\x00F0eaee/i\x00B3e iaooe\x00B3. C oi/ee ci\x00F0o oe\x00B3\x00BA? eiino\x00F0oeoe\x00B3? /ae yaey\x00BA niaith, ii-ia\x00F0oa, oiiaiiaaaeaiiy /aeiaeaaoeai ieaoieea cae\x00B3enieoe ieao\x00B3ae /aeiaea\x00F0aeaoaeth ca \x00F0aooiie /aeiaeaaoey \x00B3, ii-ae\x00F0oaa, oiiaiiaaaeaiiy /aeiaeaaoeai /aeiaea\x00F0aeaoaey io\x00F0eiaoe ieao\x00B3ae ca \x00F0aooiie /aeiaeaaoey.
Oe\x00F0a?inueea caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai aecia/a\x00BA /ae - ye a\x00F0ioiaee aeieoiaio anoaiiaeaii? oi\x00F0ie, ui i\x00B3noeoue aaccaia\x00F0a/ia ienueiiaa \x00F0icii\x00F0yaeaeaiiy aeanieea \x00F0aooiea (ee\x00B3\x00BAioa) aaieia\x00B3, yeee ianeoaiao\x00BA eiai, nieaoeoe iaaio noio a\x00F0ioae i\x00F0aae’yaieeia\x00B3 /aea aai \x00B3io\x00B3e aeacai\x00B3e o /aeo inia\x00B3. *ae \x00BA \x00B3ino\x00F0oiaioii \x00F0icii\x00F0yaeaeaiiy eiooaie, ui \x00BA ia \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieiaiio \x00F0aooieo.
I\x00F0e \x00F0ic\x00F0aooieao /aeaie aeieeathoue aeiiii\x00B3/i\x00B3 a\x00B3aeiineie i\x00B3ae o\x00F0ueiia noa’\x00BAeoaie. Oea:
— /aeiaea\x00F0aeaoaeue - th\x00F0eaee/ia aai o\x00B3ce/ia iniaa, yea io\x00F0eio\x00BA eiooe ca /aeaie;
— aaie-ai\x00B3oaio - aaie, ui aeaea\x00BA /aeiao eieaeeo (\x00F0ic\x00F0aooieiaee /ae) i\x00B3aei\x00F0e\x00BAinoao aai o\x00B3ce/i\x00B3e inia\x00B3 \x00B3 aaaea ?oi\x00B3 \x00F0aooiee.
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